Project description:D-galactose orally intake ameliorate DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis by modulating microbiota composition and quorum sensing. The increased abundance of bacteroidetes and decreased abundance of firmicutes was confirmed. By D-galactose treatment, Bacteroides population was increased and prevotella, ruminococcus was decreased which is related to atopic dermatitis.
Project description:Gut microbiome research is rapidly moving towards the functional characterization of the microbiota by means of shotgun meta-omics. Here, we selected a cohort of healthy subjects from an indigenous and monitored Sardinian population to analyze their gut microbiota using both shotgun metagenomics and shotgun metaproteomics. We found a considerable divergence between genetic potential and functional activity of the human healthy gut microbiota, in spite of a quite comparable taxonomic structure revealed by the two approaches. Investigation of inter-individual variability of taxonomic features revealed Bacteroides and Akkermansia as remarkably conserved and variable in abundance within the population, respectively. Firmicutes-driven butyrogenesis (mainly due to Faecalibacterium spp.) was shown to be the functional activity with the higher expression rate and the lower inter-individual variability in the study cohort, highlighting the key importance of the biosynthesis of this microbial by-product for the gut homeostasis. The taxon-specific contribution to functional activities and metabolic tasks was also examined, giving insights into the peculiar role of several gut microbiota members in carbohydrate metabolism (including polysaccharide degradation, glycan transport, glycolysis and short-chain fatty acid production). In conclusion, our results provide useful indications regarding the main functions actively exerted by the gut microbiota members of a healthy human cohort, and support metaproteomics as a valuable approach to investigate the functional role of the gut microbiota in health and disease.
Project description:Shrimp allergy is the second most common food allergy in the United States. γδ T cells play a regulatory role in peanut immunotherapy, but their role in shrimp allergy remains unclear. We hypothesized γδ T cells play a regulatory role in shrimp allergic disease. We performed single cell RNA sequencing on peripheral cells from shrimp allergic (SA) and healthy control (HC) subjects after stimulation with shrimp tropomyosin. We found significant expansion of γδ T cells and three distinct clusters. One γδ T cell cluster predominated in SA, characterized as CD8+ with a cytotoxic expression profile. We found significant upregulation of TGF-β1 and downregulation of IL-7R in SA-stimulated vs. HC-stimulated γδ T cells, and IL-10 secretion in stimulated SA γδ T cells. γδ T cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of shrimp allergy through lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxin signaling and cytokine-mediated signaling pathways, including TGFβ-1, IL7/TSLP-IL7R, and IL10-IL10R pathways.