Pancreatic cancer cells render metabolic reprogramming of tumor-associated macrophages through a GARP-dependent and DNA methylation-mediated mechanism
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PROVIDER: PRJNA498044 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Pancreatic cancer cells render metabolic reprogramming of tumor-associated macrophages through a GARP-dependent and DNA methylation-mediated mechanism
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Project description:Genome wide DNA methylation profiling of cancer associated macrophages. Results showed DNA methlation status in M0 and M1-like macrophages changed after coculture with pancreatic cancer cells, but not in M2-like macrophages.
2021-11-03 | GSE121656 | GEO
Project description:We performed whole genome RNA expression analysis by RNA sequencing on M0, M1-like macrophages and M2-like macrophages, respectively, comparing to those following co-culturing with human PDA tumor cells.We focused on the genes in the glucose metabolism pathway and oxidative phosphorylation pathway that were found to be methylated and downregulated in CAFs after co-culturing with PDA tumor cells in our previous experiment. We found that PDA tumor cells induce downregulation of metabolism genes selectively in M1 macrophages than in M2 macrophages.
2021-11-03 | GSE122502 | GEO
Project description:Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by clonal expansion of myeloid cells, notably megakaryocytes (MKs), and aberrant cytokine production leading to bone marrow (BM) fibrosis and insufficiency. Current treatment options are limited. TGF-b1, a profibrotic and immunosuppressive cytokine, is involved in PMF pathogenesis. While all cell types secrete inactive, latent TGF-b1, only a few activate the cytokine via cell type-specific mechanisms. The cellular source of the active TGF-b1 implicated in PMF is not known. Transmembrane protein GARP binds and activates latent TGF-b1 on the surface of regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) and MKs or platelets. Here, we found increased expression of GARP in BM and spleen of mice undergoing PMF and tested the therapeutic potential of a monoclonal antibody that blocks TGF-b1 activation by GARP-expressing cells. GARP:TGF-b1 blockade reduced not only fibrosis, but also clonal expansion of transformed cells. Using mice carrying a genetic deletion of Garp in either Tregs or MKs, we found that the therapeutic effects of GARP:TGF-b1 blockade in PMF imply targeting GARP on Tregs. These therapeutic effects, accompanied by increased IFN-g signals in the spleen, were lost upon CD8 T cell depletion. Our results suggest that selective blockade of TGF-b1 activation by GARP-expressing Tregs increase a CD8 T cell-mediated immune reaction that limits transformed cell expansion, providing a novel approach that could be tested to treat patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms.
2022-10-27 | GSE216221 | GEO
Project description:Defects of the endosomal and lysosomal systems have been increasingly linked to adult neurodegenerative diseases1,2. Deficiencies in the retrograde trafficking pathway between endosomes and the Golgi apparatus lead to forms of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases in the case of retromer mutations, or to the rare progressive cerebello-cerebral atrophy type 2 (PCCA2) for mutations of the Golgi-associated retrograde protein (GARP) complex3. Mutations in GARP subunits lead to abnormal cellular lipid metabolism, with accumulation of sterol esters and sphingoid bases, and concomitant lysosomal dysfunction in yeast, murine, or human cells4,5. However, whether these lipid changes cause neurodegeneration and if so, which lipids are toxic, is unknown. Here, we show that GARP defects lead to global changes of cellular protein distribution, including missorting of numerous disease-linked enzymes of sphingolipid metabolism, and to the accumulation of sphingolipid intermediates in wobbler fibroblasts. Inhibiting sphingolipid synthesis in wobbler mice, a murine model of GARP deficiency with features of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), improved wellness scores and grip strength, and increased lifespan. Our findings indicate that regulation of sphingolipids by the GARP complex is essential for neuronal health and suggest that inhibition of sphingolipid synthesis might provide a therapeutic strategy for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases due to defects in retrograde endosome-to-Golgi membrane trafficking.
2022-02-15 | PXD007981 | Pride
Project description:How tumor-associated macrophages transit from a predominant antitumor M1-like phenotype to a protumoral M2-like phenotype during the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) remains to be elucidated. We thus conducted a study by employing a PDA-macrophage co-culture system, an "orthotopic" PDA syngeneic mouse model, and human PDA specimens, together with macrophages derived from GARP knockout mice and multiple analytic tools including whole-genome RNA sequencing, DNA methylation arrays, multiplex immunohistochemistry, metabolism measurement, and invasion/metastasis assessment. Our study showed that PDA tumor cells, through direct cell-cell contact, induce DNA methylation and downregulation of a panel of glucose metabolism and OXPHOS genes selectively in M1-like macrophages, leading to a suppressed glucose metabolic status in M1-like but not in M2-like macrophages. Following the interaction with PDA tumor cells, M1-like macrophages are reprogrammed phenotypically to M2-like macrophages. The interaction between M1-like macrophages and PDA cells is mediated by GARP and integrin αV/β8, respectively. Blocking either GARP or integrin would suppress tumor-induced DNA methylation in Nqo-1 gene and the reprogramming of M1-like macrophages. Glucose-response genes such as Il-10 are subsequently activated in tumor-educated M1-like macrophages. Partly through Il-10 and its receptor Il-10R on tumor cells, M1-like macrophages functionally acquire a pro-cancerous capability. Both exogenous M1-like and M2-like macrophages promote metastasis in a mouse model of PDA while such a role of M1-like macrophages is dependent on DNA methylation. Our results suggest that PDA cells are able to reprogram M1-like macrophages metabolically and functionally through a GARP-dependent and DNA methylation-mediated mechanism to adopt a pro-cancerous fate.
| S-EPMC8553927 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Goals and objectives of this study: to identify genes of the Treg signature induced by consitutive expression of GARP or FOXP3 in antigen-specific Th cells with potential role for stabililization & maintenance of the regulatory program. Keywords: T-cell receptor stimulation, gene-regulation, comparative gene expression profiling, cell type comparison, human, regulatory T cells, FOXP3, GARP Human alloantigen-specific Treg cells (THU) and Th cells (CD4-39), established and described recently (Ocklenburg et al.. Lab Invest.2006; 86: 724-737), were sitmulated for 3 days with cognate antigen (EBV B cells) and IL2 as described (Ocklenburg et al.. Lab Invest.2006; 86: 724-737) and analyzed using human Affymetrix U133 2.0 in monoplicate. Th cells had been transduced with a retroviral vector containing human GARP (LRRC32) or FOXP3 and an IRES-driven GFP as marker or empty GFP control, sorted for GFP+, expanded as described recently (Ocklenburg et al.. Lab Invest.2006; 86: 724-737), and characterized functially, phenotypically, and genetically as described (WO/2007/113301). Abbreviations: Treg THU d3 = alloantigen-specific Treg cells; GFP d3 = GFP-transduced alloantigen-specific Th cells (CD4-39); FoxP3 d3 = FOXP-transduced alloantigen-specific Th cells (CD4-39); Garp d3 = GARP-transduced alloantigen-specific Th cells (CD4-39); all stimulated for 3 days (=d3) with EBV B cells and IL2.
2009-04-20 | E-GEOD-13234 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The pancreatic cancer tumor microenvironment is dominated primarily by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumor associated macrophages (TAMs). The interecellular dialogue between CAFs and TAMs and the resulting impact on chemoresistance, specifically to Folfirinox, remains poorly understood. In this study, we sought to understand the impact of primary PDAC CAFs on macrophage reprogramming in a folfirinox-dependent manner and performed various cellular assays (viability, immunophenotyping, phagocytosis, secretory profile analysis) and transcriptomic analysis.
2024-01-10 | GSE226448 | GEO
Project description:Folfirinox-dependent reprogramming of macrophages by primary pancreatic cancer CAFs
| PRJNA940346 | ENA
Project description:Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has revolutionized cancer immunotherapy. However, the majority of cancer patients fail to respond clinically. One potential reason is the accumulation of transforming growth factor-beta (TGFb) in the tumor microenvironment (TME). TGFb drives cancer immune evasion in part by inducing regulatory T cells (Tregs) and limiting CD8+ T cell function. Glycoprotein-A repetitions predominant (GARP) is a cell surface docking receptor for activating latent TGF1, TGFb2 and TGFb3, with its expression restricted in effector Tregs, cancer cells as well as platelets. Herein we demonstrate that GARP overexpression in human cancers correlates with unfavorable TME and poor clinical response to ICB, raising a possibility of GARP blockade to improve cancer immunotherapy. However, it is unclear if targeting GARP in the TME is feasible without affecting platelets. We report an anti-human GARP antibody (named PIIO-1) specific for its ligand-interacting domain, effectively blocking activation of latent TGFb1. PIIO-1 lacks recognition of GARP-TGF complex on platelets. Using human GARP knock-in mice, we demonstrate that PIIO-1 does not cause thrombocytopenia, and is preferentially distributed in the TME and effective for treating both GARP+ and GARP- cancers, alone or in combination with anti-PD-1 antibody. PIIO-1 treatment reduces canonical TGFb signaling in tumor-infiltrating immune cells, prevents T cell exhaustion, and enhances CD8+ T cell migration into the TME in a CXCR3-dependent manner. Collectively, we conclude that GARP contributes to multiple aspects of immune resistance in cancer; anti-GARP antibody PIIO-1 is an efficacious and safe strategy to overcome ICB resistance, therefore warranting clinical development.
2022-09-21 | GSE202153 | GEO