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"Blind-Killing" of male and female Drosophila embryos by a natural variant of the endosymbiotic bacterium Spiroplasma poulsonii

ABSTRACT: "Blind-Killing" of male and female Drosophila embryos by a natural variant of the endosymbiotic bacterium Spiroplasma poulsonii

PROVIDER: PRJNA532425 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
	SRR8884970.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR8884971.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR8884972.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR8884973.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR8884974.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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"Blind-Killing" of male and female Drosophila embryos by a natural variant of the endosymbiotic bacterium Spiroplasma poulsonii

Project description:“Blind-Killing” of male and female Drosophila embryos by a natural variant of the endosymbiotic bacterium Spiroplasma poulsonii

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In Vitro Culture of the Insect Endosymbiont Spiroplasma poulsonii Highlights Bacterial Genes Involved in Host-Symbiont Interaction

Project description:Endosymbiotic bacteria associated with eukaryotic hosts are omnipresent in nature, particularly in insects. Studying the bacterial side of host-symbiont interactions is, however, often limited by the unculturability and genetic intractability of the symbionts. Spiroplasma poulsonii is a maternally transmitted bacterial endosymbiont that is naturally associated with several Drosophila species. S. poulsonii strongly affects its host’s physiology, for example by causing male killing or by protecting it against various parasites. Despite intense work on this model since the 1950s, attempts to cultivate endosymbiotic Spiroplasma in vitro have failed so far. Here, we developed a method to sustain the in vitro culture of S. poulsonii by optimizing a commercially accessible medium. We also provide a complete genome assembly, including the first sequence of a natural plasmid of an endosymbiotic Spiroplasma species. Last, by comparing the transcriptome of the in vitro culture to the transcriptome of bacteria extracted from the host, we identified genes putatively involved in host-symbiont interactions. This work provides new opportunities to study the physiology of endosymbiotic Spiroplasma and paves the way to dissect insect-endosymbiont interactions with two genetically tractable partners.

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Blind killing of both male and female Drosophila embryos by a natural variant of the endosymbiotic bacterium Spiroplasma poulsonii.

Project description:Spiroplasma poulsonii is a vertically transmitted endosymbiont of Drosophila melanogaster that causes male-killing, that is the death of infected male embryos during embryogenesis. Here, we report a natural variant of S. poulsonii that is efficiently vertically transmitted yet does not selectively kill males, but kills rather a subset of all embryos regardless of their sex, a phenotype we call 'blind-killing'. We show that the natural plasmid of S. poulsonii has an altered structure: Spaid, the gene coding for the male-killing toxin, is deleted in the blind-killing strain, confirming its function as a male-killing factor. Then we further investigate several hypotheses that could explain the sex-independent toxicity of this new strain on host embryos. As the second non-male-killing variant isolated from a male-killing original population, this new strain raises questions on how male-killing is maintained or lost in fly populations. As a natural knock-out of Spaid, which is unachievable yet by genetic engineering approaches, this variant also represents a valuable tool for further investigations on the male-killing mechanism.

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Project description:We investigated the effect of Spiroplasma infection on Drosophila hemolymph protein content using Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). To this end, we extracted total hemolymph from uninfected and infected 10 days old females. At this age, Spiroplasma is already present at high titers in the hemolymph but does not cause major deleterious phenotypes to the fly. Extraction was achieved by puncturing the thorax and drawing out with a microinjector. Four replicates were made

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