The Stearyl CoA desaturase is a gatekeeper that protects human ß cells against lipotoxicity and maintains their identity
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PROVIDER: PRJNA534282 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Here, we used the human ß cell line EndoC-ßH1 and analyzed its sensitivity to a lipo- and gluco-lipotoxic (high palmitate with or without high glucose) insult, as a way to model human ß cells in a T2D environment.
2019-12-02 | GSE130208 | GEO
Project description:Immune cells can metabolize fatty acids (FAs) to generate energy. The source of different fatty acid species, and their impacts on humoral immunity remains poorly understood. Here we report that proliferating B cells require increased amount of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) to maintain mitochondrial metabolism and mTOR activity, and to prevent excessive autophagy and endoplasmic reticular (ER) stress. Furthermore, B cell extrinsic Stearoyl-Coa desaturase (SCD) activity generates endogenous MUFA to support early B cell development and germinal center (GC) formation in vivo during immunization and influenza infection. Thus, SCD-mediated MUFA production is critical for humoral immunity.
2020-12-02 | GSE162460 | GEO
Project description:Aims/hypothesisDuring the onset of type 2 diabetes, excessive dietary intake of saturated NEFA and fructose lead to impaired insulin production and secretion by insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. The majority of data on the deleterious effects of lipids on functional beta cell mass were obtained either in vivo in rodent models or in vitro using rodent islets and beta cell lines. Translating data from rodent to human beta cells remains challenging. Here, we used the human beta cell line EndoC-βH1 and analysed its sensitivity to a lipotoxic and glucolipotoxic (high palmitate with or without high glucose) insult, as a way to model human beta cells in a type 2 diabetes environment.MethodsEndoC-βH1 cells were exposed to palmitate after knockdown of genes related to saturated NEFA metabolism. We analysed whether and how palmitate induces apoptosis, stress and inflammation and modulates beta cell identity.ResultsEndoC-βH1 cells were insensitive to the deleterious effects of saturated NEFA (palmitate and stearate) unless stearoyl CoA desaturase (SCD) was silenced. SCD was abundantly expressed in EndoC-βH1 cells, as well as in human islets and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived beta cells. SCD silencing induced markers of inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress and also IAPP mRNA. Treatment with the SCD products oleate or palmitoleate reversed inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Upon SCD knockdown, palmitate induced expression of dedifferentiation markers such as SOX9, MYC and HES1. Interestingly, SCD knockdown by itself disrupted beta cell identity with a decrease in mature beta cell markers INS, MAFA and SLC30A8 and decreased insulin content and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.Conclusions/interpretationThe present study delineates an important role for SCD in the protection against lipotoxicity and in the maintenance of human beta cell identity.Data availabilityMicroarray data and all experimental details that support the findings of this study have been deposited in in the GEO database with the GSE130208 accession code.
| S-EPMC6946759 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Stearoyl-CoA desaturase mediated monounsaturated fatty acid availability supports humoral immunity
| PRJNA681897 | ENA
Project description:Lymphatic vessels are involved in fluid drainage and are critical for health. To date, only genetic signaling pathways have been implicated in lymphatic development, and a role for metabolism has not been described. Here, we report that transcription factor Prox1 increases fatty acid ß-oxidation (FAO) through upregulation of CPT1a, a rate-controlling step of FAO. Lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) oxidize fatty acids to proliferate and migrate. By providing acetyl-CoA, FAO is also critical for the maintenance of differentiated LECs through the regulation of histone acetylation of key lymphangiogenic genes. Loss of CPT1a in LEC precursors causes lymphatic defects in vivo, while restoration of acetyl-CoA by supplementing acetate to replenish cellular acetyl-CoA levels rescues this process.
2017-02-13 | GSE71230 | GEO
Project description:Transcriptomic response characterized by 3'RNA-seq of B16-F1 melanomas upon short-term treatment with stearoyl-coA desaturase inhibitor A939572 in vivo
| PRJEB33932 | ENA
Project description:We define a pathogenic role for a ß-catenin-activated genetic pathway in murine renal dysplasia. Cre-mediated stabilization of ß-catenin in the ureteric cell lineage prior to the onset of kidney development increased ß-catenin levels and caused renal aplasia or severe hypodysplasia. A genome-wide analysis of mRNA expression in dysplastic tissue identified down-regulation of genes required for ureteric branching and up regulation of Tgfß2 and Dkk1. Hoxb7-Cre:EGFP mice ( Zhao, et al. (2004) Dev Biol 276:403-415) were crossed with mice containing loxP sites flanking exon 3 of the ß-catenin allele (ß-catdelta3/delta3) (Harada,et al. (2002) Cancer Res 62:1971-1977) to generate ß-catenin gain-of-function mutant mice specific to the uteric bud, termed ß-catGOF-UB .Eighteen ß-catGOF-UB mutant kidneys and 9 WT kidneys were micro-dissected at E12.5. Mutant kidneys were divided into three random pools (n=3) consisting of 6 kidneys each and mRNA expression assessed by microarray.
2011-03-28 | E-GEOD-20325 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) is a central lipogenic enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids, mainly oleate (C18:1) and palmitoleate (C16:1), which are components of membrane phospholipids, triglycerides, wax esters, and cholesterol esters. Several SCD isoforms (SCD1-3) exist in the mouse. Here we show that mice with a targeted disruption of the SCD1 isoform have reduced body adiposity, increased insulin sensitivity, and are resistant to diet-induced weight gain. The protection from obesity involves increased energy expenditure and increased oxygen consumption. Compared with the wild-type mice the SCD1-/- mice have increased levels of plasma ketone bodies but reduced levels of plasma insulin and leptin. In the SCD1-/- mice, the expression of several genes of lipid oxidation are up-regulated, whereas lipid synthesis genes are down-regulated. These observations suggest that a consequence of SCD1 deficiency is an activation of lipid oxidation in addition to reduced triglyceride synthesis and storage. Experiment Overall Design: RNA was isolated from livers of 10 individual 6-week-old female mice by using a standard method. Mouse genome U74A arrays were used to monitor the expression level of approximately 10,000 genes and expressed sequence tags (Affymetrix). Genes differentially expressed were identified by comparing expression levels in SCD1-/- and wild-type mice.
2007-08-31 | E-GEOD-2926 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is continuum of disorders among which non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is particularly associated with a negative prognosis. Hepatocyte lipotoxicity is one of the main pathogenic factors of liver fibrosis and NASH. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating this process are poorly understood. Here, we integrated transcriptomic and chromatin accessibility analyses from human liver and mouse hepatocytes to identify lipotoxicity-sensitive transcription factors. We found that several transcription factors that were activated in liver from NASH patients and by mouse hepatocyte lipotoxicity. Notably, the gene expression linked to lipotoxicity closely correlated with transcriptional patters in fibrosis progression in NASH patients. Collectively, our findings uncovered novel molecular insights into lipotoxicity-induced NASH.
2022-07-13 | GSE173735 | GEO
Project description:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is continuum of disorders among which non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is particularly associated with a negative prognosis. Hepatocyte lipotoxicity is one of the main pathogenic factors of liver fibrosis and NASH. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating this process are poorly understood. Here, we integrated transcriptomic and chromatin accessibility analyses from human liver and mouse hepatocytes to identify lipotoxicity-sensitive transcription factors. We found that several transcription factors that were activated in liver from NASH patients and by mouse hepatocyte lipotoxicity. Notably, the gene expression linked to lipotoxicity closely correlated with transcriptional patters in fibrosis progression in NASH patients. Collectively, our findings uncovered novel molecular insights into lipotoxicity-induced NASH.
2022-07-13 | GSE173734 | GEO