Project description:Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is one of the most commonly used plastics, utilized in synthetic fibers, water containers, and food packaging. From the 1990s onwards, the demand for PET, and therefore its production, increased exponentially. This increased usage of PET has resulted in a staggering accumulation of undegraded plastic waste. Nearly 80% of the 6300 million tons of plastic waste that had been generated as of 2015 were accumulated in landfills or the natural environment. Moreover, the production of PET relies heavily on non‐renewable fossil fuels, exacerbating environmental concerns over its widespread use. In alignment with principles of environmental sustainability, the biotechnological upcycling of PET has recently emerged as a compelling solution. Since the discovery of PETase, a hydrolase capable of depolymerizing this polyester, enzymatic plastic breakdown is increasingly considered as a promising solution for managing PET waste. This enzyme and its improved derivatives, such as Fast‐PETase, enable the breakdown of PET into bis(2‐41 hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) and mono(2‐hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (MHET). Subsequently, the enzyme MHETase is responsible for further degradation of MHET into ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid. The metabolic capability of microorganisms to utilize these monomers of PET for growth has been explored in various biotechnological applications, especially in the context of bioremediation and bioconversion processes aimed at transforming plastic waste into useful products using genetically engineered bacteria.
Project description:We developed Chromatin Interaction Analysis by Paired-End Tag sequencing (ChIA-PET) for de novo detection of global chromatin interactions, and comprehensively mapped the chromatin interaction network bound by estrogen receptor α (ERα) in the human genome. We performed 454 and Illumina sequencing analyses. Keywords: Epigenetics Using 454, we examined 3 libraries: IHM001 (Estrogen Receptor ChIA-PET), IHM043 (Estrogen Receptor ChIP-PET) and IHM062 (IgG ChIA-PET) Using Illumina, we examined 4 libraries: IHM001 (Estrogen Receptor ChIA-PET replicate 1, Paired End Sequencing), IHH015 (Estrogen Receptor ChIA-PET replicate 2, Paired End Sequencing), H3K4me3 ChIP-Seq and RNA polymerase II ChIP-Seq
Project description:We generated a genome-wide interaction map of regulatory elements in human cells (K562, GM12878) using Chromatin Interaction Analysis by Paired-End Tag sequencing (ChIA-PET) experiments targeting six broadly distributed factors. For data usage terms and conditions, please refer to https://www.encodeproject.org/about/data-use-policy Chromatin interactions identified by ChIA-PET for 4 different histone modifications (H3K4me1, H3K4me2, H3K4me3, H3K27ac), RAD21 and RNAPII in the K562 cell line, two biological replicates each. Additionally, chromatin interactions were identified by ChIA-PET in the GM12878 cell line for RAD21.
Project description:To get further insights on the micro-nanoplastic (MNP) effects on plants, the aim of this study was to: 1) shed light on the transcriptome changes provoked by two different polyethylene terephthalate (PET) MNPs in plant roots; 2) determine their effects on key plant growth parameters in hydroponically-cultivated Arabidopsis thaliana. MNPs of transparent (Tr-PET) and blue (Bl-PET) material caused a significant reduction in root length, while only Bl-PET significantly reduced rosette area. Plant fresh and dry weight did not change, even though various OJIP-test parameters decreased in the presence of MNPs. RNA-seq data showed that Bl-PET and, especially, Tr-PET affected gene expression in comparison to controls. Tr-PET induced starch degradation and isoprenoids, while glycolysis, trehalose metabolism and fermentation were generally repressed. Tr-PET upregulated genes involved in signaling of xenobiotics, whereas Bl-PET scarcely affected root transcriptomic profile, activating few gene categories for abiotic stresses. Regarding hormones, genes involved in ABA response were repressed, while brassinosteroid-related genes were differentially regulated by Tr-PET. Both MNPs, but especially Tr-PET, upregulated major latex protein-related genes. These results allowed to gain insight into the effects of MNP contamination in plant metabolism, identifying targets for biotechnological strategies to enhance plant tolerance and phytoremediation of these xenobiotic agents.
Project description:High-order rice chromatin contains numerous interactions among DNA, RNA and protein to regulate critical biological processes in various aspects of rice life. We developed an effective method for mapping histone-mediated chromatin associated RNA-DNA interactions, followed by paired-end-tag sequencing (ChRD-PET) in rice. With H3K4me3 ChRD-PET, H3 ChRD-PET and RNase H treated H3K4me3 ChRD-PET, we present a highly comprehensive map of RNA and chromatin interactions around promoters in rice MH63. Through integrating ChIA-PET (published data), ChRD-PET and ssDRIP-seq data analysis, we demonstrated the function of RNAs-chromatin interactions in different level. We also conducted ATAC-seq and integrative analysis uncovered the relationship of epigenetic modifications and ChRD-PET interactions. Our findings firstly revealed the map and features of RNAs-chromatin interactions in rice.
Project description:Fungi are ubiquitous in the environment and, like bacteria, are an integral part of the gut microbiome. However, unlike bacteria, fungal species that can stably colonize the murine gut and model commensal behavior remain elusive. Here, we show that Kazachstania pintolopesii, a dominant fungus found in pet store mice from geographically distinct regions, stably colonized laboratory mice. K. pintolopesii outcompeted other fungi and maintained stable colonization independent of gut bacteria. We find that K. pintolopesii does not induce a typical antifungal response in murine hosts locally in the gut or upon systemic challenge. Accordingly, K. pintolopesii colonization did not afford protection against systemic fungal infection by Candida albicans. Instead, K.pintolopessii colonization increased type 2 immune responses in the intestine and protected mice against helminth infection.