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Human iPSC-derived microglia assume a primary microglia-like state after transplantation into the neonatal mouse brain [Single Cell RNAseq]

ABSTRACT: Human iPSC-derived microglia assume a primary microglia-like state after transplantation into the neonatal mouse brain [Single Cell RNAseq]

PROVIDER: PRJNA578733 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
	SRR10319947_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR10319947_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR10319948_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR10319948_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR10319949_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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Human iPSC-derived microglia assume a primary microglia-like state after transplantation into the neonatal mouse brain

Project description:Human iPSC-derived microglia assume a primary microglia-like state after transplantation into the neonatal mouse brain

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Human iPSC-derived microglia assume a primary microglia-like state after transplantation into the neonatal mouse brain.

Project description:Microglia are essential for maintenance of normal brain function, with dysregulation contributing to numerous neurological diseases. Protocols have been developed to derive microglia-like cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). However, primary microglia display major differences in morphology and gene expression when grown in culture, including down-regulation of signature microglial genes. Thus, in vitro differentiated microglia may not accurately represent resting primary microglia. To address this issue, we transplanted microglial precursors derived in vitro from hiPSCs into neonatal mouse brains and found that the cells acquired characteristic microglial morphology and gene expression signatures that closely resembled primary human microglia. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis of transplanted microglia showed similar cellular heterogeneity as primary human cells. Thus, hiPSCs-derived microglia transplanted into the neonatal mouse brain assume a phenotype and gene expression signature resembling that of resting microglia residing in the human brain, making chimeras a superior tool to study microglia in human disease.

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Location of Neonatal Microglia Drives Small Extracellular Vesicles Content and Biological Functions

Project description:Combining proteomics and systems biology analyses, we demonstrated that neonatal microglial cells derived from two different CNS locations (cortex and spinal cord) displayed different phenotypes upon different physiological or pathological conditions. These cells also exhibited great variability in terms of both cellular and small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) protein contents and levels. Bioinformatics data analysis showed that the cortical microglia had anti-inflammatory and neurogenesis/tumorigenesis properties, while the spinal cord microglia was rather involved in inflammatory response process. Of interest, while both sEVs microglia sources enhanced growth of DRGs axons, only the spinal cord-derived sEVs microglia under LPS stimulation significantly attenuated glioma proliferation. These results were confirmed through neurite outgrowth assays in DRGs cell line and glioma proliferation analysis in 3D spheroid cultures. Results from these in vitro assays indicated that the microglia localized at different CNS regions can ensure different biological functions. Together, these works indicate that neonatal microglia locations regulate their physiological and pathological functional fates, and could explain the high prevalence of brain vs. spinal cord glioma in adults.

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