Transcriptome analysis of different concentrations of benzyl isothiocyanate against Staphylococcus aureus
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA579977 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:In this study, we monitored the transcriptional changes of S. aureus by RNA-seq analysis to better understand the effect of benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) on the virulence inhibition of S. aureus and determined the bacteriostatic effect of BITC at subinhibitory concentrations. Our results revealed that compared with the control group (SAC), the BITC-treated experimental group (SAQ_BITC) had 708 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 333 genes were downregulated and the capsular polysaccharide (cp) was significantly downregulated. Furthermore, we screened five of the most virulent factors of S. aureus, including the capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis protein (cp5D), capsular polysaccharide synthesis enzyme (cp8F), thermonuclease (nuc), clumping factor (clf) and protein A (spa).
2019-10-29 | GSE139494 | GEO
Project description:Background: Earthworms are essential for a healthy soil ecosystem, performing key functions such as bioturbation. The soil ecosystem can be challenged by natural toxins such as isothiocyanates (ITC), secondary metabolites produced by many commercial crops. This study investigated the effects of the natural toxin, 2-phenylethyl isothiocyanate on the earthworm Eisenia andrei using an ecotoxicogenomics approach that combined standardised ecotoxicological testing with gene expression analyses. Results and discussion: Exposure to 2-Phenylethyl ITC reduced both survival and reproduction of E. andrei in a dose-dependent manner, with an EC50 (reproduction) value of 556 nmol/g soil. Cross-species comparative genomic hybridisation validated the applicability of an existing 4x44k E. fetida microarray to E. andrei. Gene expression profiles revealed the importance of metallothionein (mt) as an early warning signal when E. andrei is exposed to low concentrations of 2-phenylethyl ITC. Allignment of these mt genes with the mt-2 gene of Lumbricus rubellus showed that there must at least have 2 mt genes in the Eisenia sp. genome. At high exposure concentrations of 2-phenylethyl ITC gene expression was mainly affected by inhibiting chitinase activities, inducing an oxidative stress response, and stimulating energy metabolism. KEGG pathway analysis, furthermore, implied that the high concentration may cause impaired light sensitivity, angiogenesis (e.g. wound healing), olfactory perception (olfaction), learning and memory. Conclusions: Increased levels of isothiocyanates may be found in the field in the near future. Risks of such compounds should be carefully investigated before allowing them to enter the soil on a large scale. This is the first study to investigate the effects of an isothiocyanate on an earthworm both on the ecotoxicological and genomic level.
2013-08-11 | GSE43600 | GEO
Project description:We investigated antibacterial activities of benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) against V. parahaemolyticus by transcriptomic analysis and morphological verification. Treatment with 1/8MIC BITC resulted in 234 up-regulated genes and 273 down-regulated genes. In V. parahaemolyticus, we selected six genes that were significantly down-regulated from the transcriptome results and verified them using quantitative Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). The verification experiments indicated that the relative expressions of the six virulence genes VP0820, VP0548, VP2233, VPA2362, fliA and fliG were only 31.0%, 31.1%, 55.8%, 57.0%, 75.3%, and 79.9% of the control group, respectively. Among them, VP2233, fliA and fliG are related to flagella, and VP2362 can regulate a protein related to biofilm formation. From the morphological aspect, we verified that under the action of 1/8 MIC BITC, the swimming diffusion diameter of V. parahaemolyticus was significantly reduced by 14.9%, and biofilm formation was significantly inhibited. These results indicate that 1/8 MIC BITC can reduce the pathogenicity of V. parahaemolyticus by inhibiting virulence gene expression related to flagella and biofilm, which is helpful for further understanding of bacteriostatic mechanism of BITC on V. parahaemolyticus and other food-borne pathogens.
2020-06-18 | GSE152671 | GEO
Project description:Background: Earthworms are essential for a healthy soil ecosystem, performing key functions such as bioturbation. The soil ecosystem can be challenged by natural toxins such as isothiocyanates (ITC), secondary metabolites produced by many commercial crops. This study investigated the effects of the natural toxin, 2-phenylethyl isothiocyanate on the earthworm Eisenia andrei using an ecotoxicogenomics approach that combined standardised ecotoxicological testing with gene expression analyses. Results and discussion: Exposure to 2-Phenylethyl ITC reduced both survival and reproduction of E. andrei in a dose-dependent manner, with an EC50 (reproduction) value of 556 nmol/g soil. Cross-species comparative genomic hybridisation validated the applicability of an existing 4x44k E. fetida microarray to E. andrei. Gene expression profiles revealed the importance of metallothionein (mt) as an early warning signal when E. andrei is exposed to low concentrations of 2-phenylethyl ITC. Allignment of these mt genes with the mt-2 gene of Lumbricus rubellus showed that there must at least have 2 mt genes in the Eisenia sp. genome. At high exposure concentrations of 2-phenylethyl ITC gene expression was mainly affected by inhibiting chitinase activities, inducing an oxidative stress response, and stimulating energy metabolism. KEGG pathway analysis, furthermore, implied that the high concentration may cause impaired light sensitivity, angiogenesis (e.g. wound healing), olfactory perception (olfaction), learning and memory. Conclusions: Increased levels of isothiocyanates may be found in the field in the near future. Risks of such compounds should be carefully investigated before allowing them to enter the soil on a large scale. This is the first study to investigate the effects of an isothiocyanate on an earthworm both on the ecotoxicological and genomic level. Three-exposure experiment; Acetone control vs.EC10 vs.EC50 exposed animals. Biological replicates: 4 replicates for each exposure. Technical replicates: 2 replicates for each exposure
2013-08-11 | E-GEOD-43600 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Bacteriostatic effects of benzyl isothiocyanate on Vibrio parahaemolyticus: Transcriptomic analysis and morphological verification
| PRJNA640045 | ENA
Project description:Global gene expression analysis of Staphylococcus aureus following Ortho-Benzyl-Para-Chloro Phenol (OBPCP) treatment using Affymetrix GeneChip arrays. Results from this study provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the cellular response of Staphylococcus aureus to OBPCP.
2013-01-01 | GSE40448 | GEO
Project description:Natural toxins, such as isothiocyanate (ITC), are harmful secondary metabolites produced by plants. Many natural toxins occur in commercial crops, yet their possible negative repercussions on especially non-target soil organisms are largely unknown. This study examined molecular effects of 2-phenylethyl ITC on the soil arthropod species: Folsomia candida. Complementing ecotoxicological experiments with gene expression profiling allows the study of the underlying modes of action of toxins. For this the standardized ISO guideline for ecotoxicological experiments and a microarray for F. candida (GPL7150) were used. Toxic effects on reproduction were shown for F. candida, with EC50 values of around 11.5 nmol/g soil, illustrating the toxic character of this compound. A total of 130 genes were significantly differentially expressed between C and AC. The compounds were spiked in with acetone and due to the substantial difference between the two controls, only AC was chosen for further contrast analysis, comparing AC to EC10 and EC50 gene expressions. At EC10 level, 75 genes and at the EC50 level 107 genes were differentially expressed compared to AC. Approximately 36% of all significant genes could be annotated using Blast2GO. Gene expression profiles revealed the importance of lipid metabolism at low exposure concentrations (EC10), which is associated with the lipophilic nature of 2-phenylethyl ITC. At higher dosages (EC50) a wider array of genes was over-expressed, which included genes related to stress and sugar metabolism. Our study provides new insights in the molecular mode of action of a natural toxin soil animals. This study is the first step towards an understanding of these potential risks by studying the effects of a natural toxin at a life-history trait and molecular level.
2011-05-12 | GSE29239 | GEO
Project description:Natural toxins, such as isothiocyanate (ITC), are harmful secondary metabolites produced by plants. Many natural toxins occur in commercial crops, yet their possible negative repercussions on especially non-target soil organisms are largely unknown. This study examined molecular effects of 2-phenylethyl ITC on the soil arthropod species: Folsomia candida. Complementing ecotoxicological experiments with gene expression profiling allows the study of the underlying modes of action of toxins. For this the standardized ISO guideline for ecotoxicological experiments and a microarray for F. candida (GPL7150) were used. Toxic effects on reproduction were shown for F. candida, with EC50 values of around 11.5 nmol/g soil, illustrating the toxic character of this compound. A total of 130 genes were significantly differentially expressed between C and AC. The compounds were spiked in with acetone and due to the substantial difference between the two controls, only AC was chosen for further contrast analysis, comparing AC to EC10 and EC50 gene expressions. At EC10 level, 75 genes and at the EC50 level 107 genes were differentially expressed compared to AC. Approximately 36% of all significant genes could be annotated using Blast2GO. Gene expression profiles revealed the importance of lipid metabolism at low exposure concentrations (EC10), which is associated with the lipophilic nature of 2-phenylethyl ITC. At higher dosages (EC50) a wider array of genes was over-expressed, which included genes related to stress and sugar metabolism. Our study provides new insights in the molecular mode of action of a natural toxin soil animals. This study is the first step towards an understanding of these potential risks by studying the effects of a natural toxin at a life-history trait and molecular level.
2011-12-29 | GSE26698 | GEO
Project description:Global gene expression analysis of Staphylococcus aureus following Ortho-Benzyl-Para-Chloro Phenol (OBPCP) treatment using Affymetrix GeneChip arrays. Results from this study provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the cellular response of Staphylococcus aureus to OBPCP. We conducted five independent microarray experiments (biological replicates) in the absence (control) and the presence (experimental) of Ortho-Benzyl-Para-Chloro Phenol(OBPCP). Fold change was calculated as a ration between the signal averages of five untreated (control) and five OBPCP-treated (experimental) cultures after 0, 10 and 60 min exposure time.
2013-01-01 | E-GEOD-40448 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Natural toxins, such as isothiocyanate (ITC), are harmful secondary metabolites produced by plants. Many natural toxins occur in commercial crops, yet their possible negative repercussions on especially non-target soil organisms are largely unknown. This study examined molecular effects of 2-phenylethyl ITC on the soil arthropod species: Folsomia candida. Complementing ecotoxicological experiments with gene expression profiling allows the study of the underlying modes of action of toxins. For this the standardized ISO guideline for ecotoxicological experiments and a microarray for F. candida (GPL7150) were used. Toxic effects on reproduction were shown for F. candida, with EC50 values of around 11.5 nmol/g soil, illustrating the toxic character of this compound. A total of 130 genes were significantly differentially expressed between C and AC. The compounds were spiked in with acetone and due to the substantial difference between the two controls, only AC was chosen for further contrast analysis, comparing AC to EC10 and EC50 gene expressions. At EC10 level, 75 genes and at the EC50 level 107 genes were differentially expressed compared to AC. Approximately 36% of all significant genes could be annotated using Blast2GO. Gene expression profiles revealed the importance of lipid metabolism at low exposure concentrations (EC10), which is associated with the lipophilic nature of 2-phenylethyl ITC. At higher dosages (EC50) a wider array of genes was over-expressed, which included genes related to stress and sugar metabolism. Our study provides new insights in the molecular mode of action of a natural toxin soil animals. This study is the first step towards an understanding of these potential risks by studying the effects of a natural toxin at a life-history trait and molecular level. Four-exposure experiment; Control vs. Acetone control vs.EC10 vs.EC50 exposed animals. Biological replicates: 4 replicates for each exposure.
2011-12-29 | E-GEOD-26698 | biostudies-arrayexpress