Project description:The Personalized Discovery Process is the only program offering patients treatment recommendations based on an empirically constructed Drosophila "fly" model of their disease. Special committee selects one of the one of the few 2-3 FDA approved drug combinations or single agents that improved survival in the fly cancer model.
Project description:Advances in sequencing and assembly technology has led to the creation of genome assemblies for a wide variety of non-model organisms. The rapid production and proliferation of updated, novel assembly versions can create create vexing problems for researchers when multiple genome as-sembly versions are available at once, requiring researchers to work with more than one reference genome. Multiple genome assemblies are especially problematic for researchers studying the genetic makeup of individual cells as single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) requires sequenced reads to be mapped and aligned to a single reference genome. Using the Astyanax mexicanus this study highlights how the interpretation of a single cell dataset from the same sample changes when aligned to its two different available genome assemblies. We found that the number of cells and expressed genes detected were drastically different when aligning to the different assemblies. When the genome assemblies were used in isolation with their respective annotation, cell type identification was confounded as some classic cell type markers were assembly-specific, whilst other genes showed differential patterns of expression between the two assemblies. To overcome the problems posed by multiple genome assemblies, we propose that researchers align to each available assembly and then integrate the resultant datasets to produce a final dataset in which all genome alignments can be used simultaneously. We found this approach increased the accuracy of cell type identification and maximised the amount of data that could be extracted from our single cell sample by capturing all possible cells and transcripts. As scRNAseq becomes more widely available, it is imperative that the single cell community is aware how genome assembly alignment can alter single cell data and its interpretation, especially when reviewing studies on non-model organisms.
Project description:We utilized Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH), using probes designed from de novo assembly of a testes transcriptome, to identify genes located on the sex chromosomes and autosomes of a stalk-eyed fly, Sphyracephala beccarii. Analysis of X chromosome gene content revealed the evolution of a neo-X chromosome that originated prior to the diversification of the family. Comparison of X-linkage across three species spanning the phylogenetic breadth of the family indicates abundant chromosomal gene movement, particularly for genes expressed exclusively in the testes.
Project description:We utilized Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH), using probes designed from de novo assembly of a testes transcriptome, to identify genes located on the sex chromosomes and autosomes of a stalk-eyed fly, Teleopsis quinqueguttata. Analysis of X chromosome gene content revealed the evolution of a neo-X chromosome that originated prior to the diversification of the family. Comparison of X-linkage across three species spanning the phylogenetic breadth of the family indicates abundant chromosomal gene movement, particularly for genes expressed exclusively in the testes.
Project description:The distribtion of H3K18ac in the fruit fly genome was analyzed in wing imaginal discs treated for 2 h with etomoxir and compared to control discs.
Project description:This is a prepublication dataset that should change as updates are made to the underling genomes and annotations. Additional samples may be deposited and some samples may fail quality control. Please contact Haiwang Yang <haiwang.yang@nih.gov> for details. The RNA-seq data set contains the transcriptional profiling of eight sexed tissue types (head, thorax, carcass, abdomen w/o gonad, gonad, other reproductive tract, genitalia, and digestive system) and/or whole adult flies from five strains of Drosophila grimshawi, two strains of D. silvestris, and one strain each of D. hemipeza, D. heteroneura, and D. hawaiiensis. Samples were collected in duplicate to quadruplicate from sexually mature sexed adults (4-5 weeks post eclosion), which had been allowed to freely mate. Single-end stranded 76bp PolyA+ RNA-seq was performed on all samples. Libraries were multiplexed with indexed adaptors, and some were also prepared as mixed libraries with RNA from genetically distant species: Drosophila melanogaster (GSE81142) and Anopheles stephensi (GEO entry in preparation). All whole adult samples were prepared from single flies. Tissues were pooled from 3-5 individuals depending on the size of both the tissue and the species. For the G1 strain (reference assembly strain) of D. grimshawi, we profiled seven adult tissues for each sex in addition to whole flies. Samples were whole fly (one fly per sample), head (5 flies), thorax (5 flies), abdomen w/o gonad (5 flies), gonad (testes or ovaries) (5 flies), other reproductive tract (accessory gland and male reproductive duct or female spermatheca and oviduct; 10 flies per sample), genitalia (10 flies), and digestive system (proventriculus, crop, salivary gland, gut, and renal tubule; 5 flies). We prepared sexed single fly whole body samples in quadruplicate for ZA27Z2, ZA27Z3, and Mo010 strains of D. grimshawi. We also prepared sex-specific head, carcass, gonad, other reproductive tract with genitalia with duplicate for Wm1041 strain of D. grimshawi and other species - D. silvestris (Y11R6 and U26B9 strains), D. hemipeza (W40B14 strain), D. heteroneura (W48B6 strain), and D. hawaiiensis (Y17P5 strain). We used reduced number of flies for the non-grimshawi species (i.e., 3 heads, gonads or carcasses per sample, and 6 reproductive tracts plus genitalia per sample).
Project description:Interventions: Genomic test CANCERPLEX-JP OncoGuide NCC oncopanel system FndationONe CDx genome profile GUARDANT360 MSI Analysis System BRACAnalysis
Primary outcome(s): Development of genome database
Study Design: Single arm Non-randomized
Project description:Centromeres are chromosomal regions that serve as platforms for kinetochore assembly and spindle attachments, ensuring accurate chromosome segregation during cell division. Despite functional conservation, centromeric sequences are diverse and usually repetitive across species, making them challenging to assemble and identify. Here, we describe centromeres in the model oomycete Phytophthora sojae by combining long-read sequencing-based genome assembly and chromatin immunoprecipitation for the centromeric histone CENP-A followed by high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq). P. sojae centromeres cluster at a single focus in the nucleus at different life stages and during nuclear division. We report a highly contiguous genome assembly of the P. sojae reference strain, which enabled identification of 15 highly enriched CENP-A binding regions as putative centromeres. By focusing on 10 intact regions, we demonstrate that centromeres in P. sojae are regional, spanning 211 to 356 kb. Most of these regions are transposon-rich, poorly transcribed, and lack the euchromatin mark H3K4me2 but are embedded within regions with the heterochromatin marks H3K9me3 and H3K27me3.
Project description:We identified ARGs in a genome-wide manner, in fly brains as well as in sorted neurons; they included dopaminergic neurons (DA) and a subset of circadian-related neurons (PDF+ neurons).