Project description:Flag (FL) and second leaves (SL) in rice show differential aging patterns during monocarpic senescence. Coordination of aging programs in the top leaves is important for effective grain-filling. However, molecular bases for differential aging programs in the top leaves have not been systematically explored in rice. Here, we performed mRNA-sequencing of FL and SL at six time points during the grain-filling period. mRNA expression data revealed 6,365 genes showing aging-dependent expression changes in FL and/or SL. Of them, while 3047 genes showed shared aging-dependent expression patterns between FL and SL, 3058 genes showed differential expression patterns, which were classified into 5 major groups (G1-5) based on their differential expression patterns. Of the groups, G3 representing amino acid (AA) transport showed consistent differential age-dependent expression patterns in independent samples, whereas the other groups showed inconsistent differential expression patterns. Moreover, of AA transporters (AATs) in G3, long-distance AATs showed invariant differential age-dependent expression patterns after panicle removal, consistent to panicle removal-invariant differential nitrogen contents between FL and SL, known to be associated with protein concentration in grains. Our results suggest that long-distance AA transport is an invariant core transcriptional program of differential aging in rice top leaves for nitrogen remobilization during grain-filling.
Project description:To investigate the effect of short distance transport on jejunal tissueof weaned piglets, We then performed gene expression profiling analysis using data obtained from RNA-seq in jejunal tissues of weaned piglets after transport and without transport
Project description:Rice (Oryza sativa) stands among the world's most important crop species and is salt-sensitive. The undue accumulation of sodium ions (Na+) in shoots has the strongest negative correlation with rice productivity under long-term salinity. The plasma membrane Na+/H+ exchanger protein SOS1 is the only Na+ efflux transporter that has to date been genetically characterized and only in dicot plants. Here, the importance of Na+ fluxes governed by the SOS system in the salt tolerance of rice was analyzed by a reverse-genetics approach. A sos1 loss-of-function mutant displayed exceptional salt sensitivity that correlated with excessive Na+ intake and impaired Na+ loading into the xylem. Thus, SOS1 controls net Na+ uptake by roots and the long-distance transport to shoots. The acute Na+ sensitivity of sos1 plants at low NaCl concentrations allowed the inspection of the transcriptional response to sodicity stress, without interference by the osmotic challenge intrinsic to high salinity treatments. The transcriptional response to salt of the sos1 mutant roots involved the preferential down-regulation of stress-related genes compared to the wild-type despite the greater intensity of the stress imposed to the mutant, which suggested impaired stress detection or inability to mount a comprehensive response to salinity.
Project description:By 4C-seq protocol we investigated DNA contacts across the genome by the FLC gene in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana in order to explore a potential role of long-distance chromosomal interactions in the regulation of flowering.
Project description:In addition to altered gene expression, pathological cytoskeletal dynamics in the axon are another key intrinsic barrier for axon regeneration in the central nervous system (CNS). Here we showed that knocking out myosin IIA/B in retinal ganglion cells alone either before or after optic nerve crush induced significant optic nerve regeneration. Combined Lin28a overexpression and myosin IIA/B knockout led to additive promoting effect and long-distance axon regeneration. Immunostaining, RNA sequencing and western blot analyses revealed that myosin II deletion did not affect known axon regeneration signaling pathways or the expression of regeneration associated genes. Instead, it abolished the retraction bulb formation and significantly enhanced the axon extension efficiency. The study provided clear evidence that directly targeting neuronal cytoskeleton was sufficient to induce significant CNS axon regeneration, and combining altered gene expression in the soma and modified cytoskeletal dynamics in the axon was a promising approach for long-distance CNS axon regeneration
Project description:In addition to altered gene expression, pathological cytoskeletal dynamics in the axon are another key intrinsic barrier for axon regeneration in the central nervous system (CNS). Here we showed that knocking out myosin IIA/B in retinal ganglion cells alone either before or after optic nerve crush induced significant optic nerve regeneration. Combined Lin28a overexpression and myosin IIA/B knockout led to additive promoting effect and long-distance axon regeneration. Immunostaining, RNA sequencing and western blot analyses revealed that myosin II deletion did not affect known axon regeneration signaling pathways or the expression of regeneration associated genes. Instead, it abolished the retraction bulb formation and significantly enhanced the axon extension efficiency. The study provided clear evidence that directly targeting neuronal cytoskeleton was sufficient to induce significant CNS axon regeneration, and combining altered gene expression in the soma and modified cytoskeletal dynamics in the axon was a promising approach for long-distance CNS axon regeneration
Project description:Chromosomal translocations play pivotal roles in various physiological and pathological processes, such as immunoglobulin production and tumor progression; however, the infrequency of chromosomal translocation events has impeded the exploration of the underlying mechanisms. To tackle this challenge, we devised a strategy to report and enrich cells with translocations in vitro, in conjunction with a novel method termed High Multiplex Translocation Sequencing (HMTS), to capture genome-wide translocations from multiple bait regions simultaneously. Analysis of HMTS data unveiled a preference for translocations to occur at Topologically Associating Domain (TAD) boundaries, and experimental disruption of the TAD boundary indeed led to a reduction in translocation frequency, exemplified by translocations involving ERG. Knockdown of Cohesin or condensin II was observed distinct roles in translocations. Cohesin deficiency promoted long-distance translocations, while condensin II deficiency promoted short distance translocation, inside TAD, and decreased intra-chromatin long-distance translocation, particularly at TAD boundaries. For inter-chromatin, although condensin II deficiency also decreased the translocation at TAD boundaries, and highly transcription regions while paradoxically slightly increased inter-chromatin translocation ratio, suggesting that condensin II physiologically mediated inter-chromatin interaction at TAD boundary regions but simultaneously restricted interaction from other regions, such as centromere. Our new translocation sequencing method revealed the versatile role of condensin II in controlling intra-chromatin short-distance, long-distance, and inter-chromosome translocations.
Project description:Transformation of undifferentiated stem cells into cells with special functions is central for organismal development. The phloem tissue mediates long-distance transport of energy metabolites along plant bodies and is characterized by an exceptional degree of cellular specialization. How the phloem-specific developmental program is implemented is, however, unknown. Here we reveal that the ubiquitously expressed PHD-finger protein OBERON3 (OBE3) and the phloem-specific SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1-LIKE 5 (SMXL5) protein form a central module for establishing phloem identity in Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis). By phloem-specific ATAC-seq analyses, we show that OBE3 and SMXL5 proteins establish a phloem-specific chromatin profile.