Project description:Immune characteristics associated with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant of critical-ill patients are currently unclear. Severe disease has been associated with reconfiguration in the immune activity of the lung. Here we investigated the immune cell characteristics including myeloid cells, lymphocytes and alveolar epithelial cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of 26 critical mechanical ventilation-required patients. The whole alveolar microenvironment of critical Omicron manifested apparent heterogeneous proinflammatory and interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) signature. CXCL5+ macrophages, VCAN+ macrophages, PI3+ neutrophils and CST7+ neutrophils contributed to the most proinflammatory phenotypes and were positively correlated with disease severity whereas ISG15+ neutrophils and CXCL10+ macrophages contributed to the most ISG phenotype and were negatively correlated with disease severity. Lymphocyte subsets were rare manifesting the lymphopenia in the alveoli and these lymphocyte subsets did not express substantial proinflammatory cytokines. Four different epithelial cell subsets were observed in BALF. The percentages of ISG15+ neutrophils were accompanied by more protective alveolar epithelial cells and may serve as the reshaping of exhaustive phenotype for CD4+ T cells. The CXCL10+ macrophages may promote plasmablast/plasma cell survival and activation. This atlas reveals a potential immune landscape in the bronchoalveolar microenvironment for severe and critical Omicron disease.
Project description:To clarify the profile of in BALF exosome collected from mice infected with influenza virus, we infected 100000 pfu of A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (PR8) strain. BALF was collected at 24, 48, and 72 hour post infection (hpi). For comparison of the profile of the miRNA in BALF exosome induced by innate immune response, we also intranasally inoculated mice with 50 μg of poly(I:C) and collected BALF at 72 hour post inoculation. We found that some miRNAs were common to both influenza virus infectiona and poly(I:C) inoculation, suggesting that exosomal miRNAs in BALF may function in the innate immune response to virus infection.
Project description:Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the etiologic agent of contagious pleuropneumonia, an economically important disease of commercially reared swine throughout the world. To cause this disease, A. pleuropneumoniae must rapidly overcome porcine pulmonary innate immune defenses. Since bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF) contains many of the innate immune components found in the lung, we examined the gene expression of a virulent serovar 1 strain of A. pleuropneumoniae after exposure to concentrated BALF. This experiment was also carried out with a malT mutant of the same strain.
Project description:Bronchoalveolar Lavage cells include resident and infiltrating immune cells in repsone to infections. We used single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to analyze the diversity of BALF cells.