Project description:We explored the effect of long-term high-concentrate diet feeding on ruminal pH and fermentation, and its effect on the rumen epithelial transcriptomes in Japanese Black beef cattle during a 20-month fattening period.
Project description:Creatine pyruvate (CrPyr) is a new multifunctional nutrient that can provide both pyruvate and creatine. It has been shown to relieve the heat stress of beef cattle by improving antioxidant activity and rumen microbial protein synthesis, but the mechanism of CrPyr influencing rumen fermentation remains unclear. This study aimed to use metaproteomics technologies to investigate the bacterial protein function in rumen fluid samples taken from heat-stressed beef cattle treated with or without 60 g/d CrPyr.
Project description:We functionally analyzed the rumen epithelial transcriptomes from low- and high- feed efficient beef steers to identify differences that might contribute to variation in feed efficiency.
Project description:The intramuscular fat (IMF) content of different beef cattle breeds varies greatly, which plays an important role in taste and nutritional value. However, the molecular mechanism of fat metabolism and deposition in beef cattle is still not very clear. In this study, the meat quality traits of Angus cattle and Chinese Simmental cattle were compared, the transcriptome of the longissimus dorsi muscle (LD) between Angus cattle and Chinese Simmental cattle was then analyzed to identify key genes related to fat metabolism and adipogenesis by high-throughput RNA-seq technology. In the current study conducted a comprehensive analysis on the transcriptome of the longissimus dorsi muscle (LD) of Angus and Simmental cattle, and identified differentially expressed genes related to lipid metabolism,which may have a great impact on on the formation of IMF.
Project description:Hanwoo cattle are a Korean breed renowned for their cultural significance and high-quality beef, characterized by low cholesterol and high unsaturated fat ratio. Growth is divided into a growing phase focused on development and a fattening phase for marbling. Proper feed management, considering genetic and environmental factors, is vital for maximizing growth potential. The rumen plays a crucial role in digestion and gene expression regulation, with rumen fermentation being central to nutrient absorption and cattle health. In this study, we conduct transcriptome analysis of the rumen at eight timepoints. Our goal is to identify genetic factors that influence the growth of Hanwoo steers to enhance our understanding of the rumen’s functions and roles during their growth. In this RNA-sequencing analysis of Hanwoo steer rumen, differential gene expression was examined over eight timepoints, highlighting significant genetic changes, particularly between 12 and 26 months. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified and organized as three modules: turquoise, blue, and yellow. The turquoise module, linked to immune response, showed down-regulation in genes at 30 months. The blue module, associated with steroid metabolism, was notably up-regulated at 26 months. The yellow module’s genes showed a consistent increase in expression with growth. These modules and their functional annotations provide a deeper understanding of the biological processes during Hanwoo growth, highlighting the intricate relationship between gene expression and cattle development. The growth stages of Hanwoo steers were explored in our investigation utilizing rumen transcriptome data. The rumen plays critical role in their development, particularly during the growing and fattening phases. Proper feed management, considering the rumen’s function, is essential for optimal growth. Transcriptome analysis helps identify genes associated with growth and provides insights for cattle breeding and management practices. Understanding the complex connection between gene expression and Hanwoo development is essential for maximizing productivity and health.
Project description:It has been proved that intramuscular fat (IMF) or marbling in beef improves palatability. Recently, consumers have considered not only the degree of marbling but also the size and distribution of marbling flecks for their health and appetizing looking of beef. Computer image analysis (CIA) systems have been developed to assess various characteristics of marbling particles (MPs) such as the number, size, and distribution (fineness or coarseness) objectively. Some CIA indexes about MPs indicating how MPs are distributed evenly had significant positive relationship with price which represents consumers’ interest. RNA-seq research about formation of fine MPs in the longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle tissue of cattle have not yet been tried in transcriptome level. This study was conducted to reveal the DEGs between groups which have high or low number of fine MPs in the Longissimus thoracis muscle of Korean beef cattle and to understand molecular events associated with marbling fineness.
Project description:As the unique organ, rumen plays vital roles in providing products for humans, however, the underlying cell composition and interactions with epithelium-attached microbes remain largely unknown. Herein, we performed an integrated analysis in single-cell transcriptome, epithelial microbiome, and metabolome of rumen tissues to explore the differences of microbiota-host crosstalk between newborn and adult cattle models. We found that fewer epithelial cell subtypes and more abundant immune cells (e.g., Th17 cells) in the rumen tissue of adult cattle. Metabolism-related functions and oxidation-reduction process were significantly upregulated in the adult rumen epithelial cell subtypes. The epithelial Desulfovibrio was significantly enriched in the adult cattle. To further clarify the role of Desulfovibrio in host’s oxidation-reduction process, we performed metabolomics analysis of rumen tissues and found that Desulfovibrio showed a high co-occurrence probability with the pyridoxal in the adult cattle compared with newborn ones. The adult rumen epithelial cell subtypes also showed stronger ability of pyridoxal binding. These indicates that Desulfovibrio and pyridoxal likely play important roles in maintaining redox balance in adult rumen. The integrated analysis provides novel insights into the understanding of rumen function and facilitate the future precision improvement of rumen function and milk/meat production in cattle.