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B2 and B3 Raf-like protein kinases activate SnRK2s and are essential for abscisic acid signaling

ABSTRACT: B2 and B3 Raf-like protein kinases activate SnRK2s and are essential for abscisic acid signaling

PROVIDER: PRJNA640131 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
	SRR12037300_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR12037300_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR12037301_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR12037301_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR12037302_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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B2 and B3 Raf-like protein kinases activate SnRK2s and are essential for abscisic acid signaling

Project description:m9 was identified to function in ABA signaling pathway and we applied RNAseq assay to identify ABA induced and repressed genes in m9

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Differential regulations of abscisic acid-induced desiccation tolerance and vegetative dormancy by group B3 Raf kinases in liverworts.

Project description:Phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a key role in stomata closure, osmostress acclimation, and vegetative and embryonic dormancy. Group B3 Raf protein kinases (B3-Rafs) serve as positive regulators of ABA and osmostress signaling in the moss Physcomitrium patens and the angiosperm Arabidopsis thaliana. While P. patens has a single B3-Raf called ARK, specific members of B3-Rafs among six paralogs regulate ABA and osmostress signaling in A. thaliana, indicating functional diversification of B3-Rafs in angiosperms. However, we found that the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, belonging to another class of bryophytes, has three paralogs of B3-Rafs, MpARK1, MpARK2, and MpARK3, with structural variations in the regulatory domains of the polypeptides. By reporter assays of the P. patens ark line and analysis of genome-editing lines of M. polymorpha, we found that these B3-Rafs are functionally redundant in ABA response, with respect to inhibition of growth, tolerance to desiccation and expression of stress-associated transcripts, the majority of which are under the control of the PYR/PYL/RCAR-like receptor MpPYL1. Interestingly, gemmae in gemma cups were germinating only in mutant lines associated with MpARK1, indicating that dormancy in the gametophyte is controlled by a specific B3-Raf paralog. These results indicated not only conservation of the role of B3-Rafs in ABA and osmostress response in liverworts but also functional diversification of B3-Rafs, which is likely to have occurred in the early stages of land plant evolution.

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Cyclin B3 is a dominant fast-acting cyclin that drives rapid early embryonic mitoses

Project description:Mitosis in early embryos often proceeds at a rapid pace, but how this pace is achieved is not understood. Here we show that cyclin B3 is the dominant driver of rapid embryonic mitoses in the C. elegans embryo. Cyclins B1 and B2 support slow mitosis (NEBD to Anaphase ~600s) but the presence of cyclin B3 dominantly drives the ~3-fold faster mitosis observed in wildtype. Multiple mitotic events are slowed down in Cyclin B1&B2-driven mitosis and cyclin B3-associated Cdk1 H1 kinase activity is ~25-fold more active than cyclin B1-associated Cdk1. Addition of cyclin B1 to fast cyclin B3-only mitosis introduces an ~60s delay between completion of chromosome alignment and anaphase onset; this delay, which is important for segregation fidelity, is dependent on inhibitory phosphorylation of the anaphase activator Cdc20. Thus, cyclin B3 dominance, coupled to a cyclin B1-dependent delay that acts via Cdc20 phosphorylation, sets the rapid pace and ensures mitotic fidelity in the early C. elegans embryo.

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Involvement of low molecular weight tyrosine acid phosphatase in abscisic acid signaling in Arabidopsis

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Subfamily C7 Raf-like kinases MRK1, RAF26, and RAF39 regulate immune homeostasis and stomatal opening in Arabidopsis thaliana

Project description:The calcium-dependent protein kinase CPK28 is a regulator of immune homeostasis in multiple plant species. Here, we used a proteomics approach to uncover CPK28-associated proteins. We found that CPK28 associates with subfamily C7 Raf-like kinases MRK1, RAF26, and RAF39, and trans-phosphorylates RAF26 and RAF39. Metazoan Raf kinases function in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades as MAPK kinase kinases (MKKKs). Although Raf-like kinases share some features with MKKKs, we found that MRK1, RAF26, and RAF39 are unable to trans-phosphorylate any of the Arabidopsis MKKs. We show that MRK1, RAF26, and RAF39 localize to the cytosol and endomembranes, and we define redundant roles for these kinases in stomatal opening, immune-triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and resistance to a bacterial pathogen. Overall, our study suggests that C7 Raf-like kinases associate with and are phosphorylated by CPK28, function redundantly in stomatal immunity, and possess substrate specificities distinct from canonical MKKKs.

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Subfamily C7 Raf-like kinases MRK1, RAF26, and RAF39 regulate immune homeostasis and stomatal opening in Arabidopsis thaliana

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