Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA648096 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR12304674_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR12304674_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Background. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is a leading cause of fungal pneumonia, but its diagnosis primarily relies on invasive bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens that are difficult to obtain. Oropharyngeal swabs and serum could improve the PCP diagnostic workflow, and we hypothesized that CRISPR could enhance assay sensitivity to allow robust P. jirovecii diagnosis using swabs and serum. Herein we describe the development of an ultrasensitive RT-PCR-coupled CRISPR assay with high active-infection specificity in infant swabs and adult BAL and serum. Methods. Mouse analyses employed an RT-PCR CRISPR assay to analyze P. murina transcripts in wild-type and Rag2-/- mouse lung RNA, BAL, and serum at 2-, 4-, and 6-weeks post-infection. Human studies used an optimized RT-PCR CRISPR assay to detect P. jirovecii transcripts in infant oropharyngeal swab samples, adult serum, and adult BAL specimens from P. jirovecii-infected and P. jirovecii-non-infected patients. Results. The P. murina assays sensitively detected Pneumocystis RNA in the serum of infected mice throughout infection. Oropharyngeal swab CRISPR assay results identified infants infected with P. jirovecii with greater sensitivity (96.3% vs. 66.7%) and specificity (100% vs. 90.6%) than RT-qPCR compared to mtLSU standard marker, and CRISPR results achieved higher sensitivity than RT-qPCR results (93.3% vs. 26.7%) in adult serum specimens. Conclusion. Since swabs are routinely collected in pediatric pneumonia patients, serum is easier to obtain than BAL, and RT-PCR CRISPR results may not detect P. jirovecii colonization, this assay approach could improve pediatric Pneumocystis diagnosis by achieving specificity for active infection and avoiding the requirement for BAL specimens.
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Project description:β-glucans, which can activate innate immune responses, are a major component in the cell wall of the cyst form of Pneumocystis. In the current study we examined whether β-1,3 glucans are masked by surface proteins in Pneumocystis, and what role β-glucans play in Pneumocystis-associated inflammation. For 3 species, including P. jirovecii, which causes Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in humans, P. carinii, and P. murina, β-1,3 glucans were masked in most organisms, as demonstrated by increased exposure following trypsin treatment. Using Q-PCR and microarray techniques, we demonstrated in a mouse model of PCP that treatment with caspofungin, an inhibitor of β-1,3 glucan synthesis, for 21 days, decreased expression of a broad panel of inflammatory markers, including IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and multiple chemokines/chemokine ligands. Thus, β-glucans in Pneumocystis cysts are largely masked, which likely decreases innate immune activation; this mechanism presumably was developed for interactions with immunocompetent hosts, in whom organism loads are substantially lower. In immunosuppressed hosts with a high organism burden, organism death and release of glucans appears to be an important contributor to deleterious host inflammatory responses.
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