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The mode of expression divergence in Drosophila fat body is infection-specific

ABSTRACT: The mode of expression divergence in Drosophila fat body is infection-specific

PROVIDER: PRJNA648308 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
	SRR12316500_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR12316500_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR12316501_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR12316501_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR12316502_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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The mode of expression divergence in Drosophila fat body is infection-specific

Project description:Transcription is controlled by the interactions of cis-acting DNA elements with diffusible trans-acting factors. Changes in cis or trans factors can drive expression divergence within and between species, and the relative prevalence of each can reveal the evolutionary path to variation. Previous work delineating the mode of expression divergence in animals has largely used whole body expression measurements in a single condition. Since cis-acting elements often drive expression in a subset of cell types or conditions, these measurements may not capture the complete contribution of cis-acting changes. Here, we quantify the mode of expression divergence in the Drosophila fat body, the primary immune organ, in several conditions. We performed allele-specific expression analysis using two geographically distinct lines of D. melanogaster and their F1 hybrids. We performed separate infections with Gram-negative S. marcescens or Gram-positive E. faecalis bacteria, which trigger the two primary signaling pathways in the Drosophila innate immune response. The mode of expression divergence strongly depends on the condition, with trans-acting effects dominating in response to Gram-positive infection and cis-acting effects dominating in Gram-negative and pre-infection conditions. Expression divergence in several receptor proteins may underlie the infection-specific trans effects. Before infection, when the fat body has a metabolic role, there are many compensatory effects, changes in cis and trans that counteract each other to maintain expression levels. This work demonstrates that within a single tissue, the mode of expression divergence varies between conditions and suggests that these differences reflect the diverse evolutionary histories of host-pathogen interactions.

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Project description:We performed mRNA-seq from hand-dissected fat body tissue from 68hr (after egg laying, AEL) and 92hr AEL Drosophila melanogaster larvae. Fat body was dissected from wild-type (OrR) males and testes were removed. We examined gene expression genome-wide with particular focus on genes in the underreplicated regions in the fat body.

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Expression data from D.melanogaster larvae with a constitutively active Imd in the fat body

Project description:Activation of innate immune responses in the Drosophila larval fat body affects the physiological host responses. In order to characterize the effect of the activated immune responses in the fat body on the Drosophila, we used whole-genome microarray analysis and found that activation of the immune deficieny pathway (Imd) in the fat body alters the transcriptional profiles of Drosophila larvae. As we expected many of genes involved in regulation of antimicrobial peptides were upregulated in the larvae with elevated Imd activity in the fat body. Notably, we found activatioan of Imd in the fat body negatively affects expression of genes involved in glycolysis, energy production and insulin signaling pathway. Overall, our analysis showed that activation of innate immune signaling in the larval fat body significantly affects cellular pathways that regulate metabolism.

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Dynamics and stage-specificity of between-population gene expression divergence in the Drosophila melanogaster larval fat body

Project description:Dynamics and stage-specificity of between-population gene expression divergence in the Drosophila melanogaster larval fat body

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Dynamics and stage-specificity of between-population gene expression divergence in the Drosophila melanogaster larval fat body (RNA-seq in a derived population)

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Hemocytes and fat body cells, the only professional immune cell types in Drosophila, show strikingly different responses to systemic infection

Project description:The fruit fly Drosophila is an excellent model to study the response of different Q7 immunocompetent organs during systemic infection. In the present study, we intended to test the hypothesis that the only professional immune organs of the fly, the fat body and hemocytes, show substantial similarities in their responses to systemic infection. However, comprehensive transcriptome analysis of isolated organs revealed highly divergent transcript signatures, with the few commonly regulated genes encoding mainly classical immune effectors from the antimicrobial peptide family. The fat body and the hemocytes each have specific reactions that are not present in the other organ. Fat body-specific responses comprised those enabling an improved peptide synthesis and export. This reaction is accompanied by transcriptomic shifts enabling the use of the energy resources of the fat body more efficiently. Hemocytes, on the other hand, showed enhanced signatures related to phagocytosis. Comparing immune-induced signatures of both cell types with those of whole-body responses showed only a minimal correspondence, mostly restricted again to antimicrobial peptide genes. In summary, the two major immunocompetent cell types of Drosophila show highly specific responses to infection, which are closely linked to the primary function of the respective organ in the landscape of the systemic immune response.

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