Roles of TET and TDG in DNA demethylation in proliferating and non-proliferating immune cells
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA688085 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR13310900_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR13310900_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR13310901_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR13310901_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR13310902_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:TET enzymes mediate DNA demethylation by oxidizing 5-methylcytosine (5mC) in DNA to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC). Because these oxidized methylcytosines (oxi-mC) are not recognized by the maintenance methyltransferase DNMT1, DNA demethylation can occur through “passive”, replication-dependent dilution as cells divide. A distinct, replication-independent (“active”) mechanism of DNA demethylation involves excision of 5fC and 5caC by the DNA repair enzyme thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG), followed by base excision repair. Here we used inducible gene-disrupted mice to show that TET enzymes influence both replication-dependent primary T cell differentiation and replication-independent macrophage differentiation, whereas TDG has no effect. Mice with long-term (1 year) deletion of Tdg are healthy and show normal survival and hematopoiesis. In summary, TET enzymes regulate differentiation and DNA demethylation primarily through passive dilution of oxidized methylcytosines in replicating T cells, and active, replication-independent DNA demethylation mediated by TDG does not appear to be essential for immune cell activation or differentiation.
2021-05-13 | GSE163894 | GEO
Project description:TET enzymes mediate DNA demethylation by oxidizing 5-methylcytosine (5mC) in DNA to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC). Because these oxidized methylcytosines (oxi-mC) are not recognized by the maintenance methyltransferase DNMT1, DNA demethylation can occur through “passive”, replication-dependent dilution as cells divide. A distinct, replication-independent (“active”) mechanism of DNA demethylation involves excision of 5fC and 5caC by the DNA repair enzyme thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG), followed by base excision repair. Here we used inducible gene-disrupted mice to show that TET enzymes influence both replication-dependent primary T cell differentiation and replication-independent macrophage differentiation, whereas TDG has no effect. Mice with long-term (1 year) deletion of Tdg are healthy and show normal survival and hematopoiesis. In summary, TET enzymes regulate differentiation and DNA demethylation primarily through passive dilution of oxidized methylcytosines in replicating T cells, and active, replication-independent DNA demethylation mediated by TDG does not appear to be essential for immune cell activation or differentiation.
2021-05-13 | GSE163893 | GEO
Project description:TET enzymes mediate DNA demethylation by oxidizing 5-methylcytosine (5mC) in DNA to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC). Because these oxidized methylcytosines (oxi-mC) are not recognized by the maintenance methyltransferase DNMT1, DNA demethylation can occur through “passive”, replication-dependent dilution as cells divide. A distinct, replication-independent (“active”) mechanism of DNA demethylation involves excision of 5fC and 5caC by the DNA repair enzyme thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG), followed by base excision repair. Here we used inducible gene-disrupted mice to show that TET enzymes influence both replication-dependent primary T cell differentiation and replication-independent macrophage differentiation, whereas TDG has no effect. Mice with long-term (1 year) deletion of Tdg are healthy and show normal survival and hematopoiesis. In summary, TET enzymes regulate differentiation and DNA demethylation primarily through passive dilution of oxidized methylcytosines in replicating T cells, and active, replication-independent DNA demethylation mediated by TDG does not appear to be essential for immune cell activation or differentiation.
2021-05-13 | GSE163892 | GEO
Project description:Roles of TET and TDG in DNA demethylation in proliferating and non-proliferating immune cells [RNA-seq]
| PRJNA688086 | ENA
Project description:Roles of TET and TDG in DNA demethylation in proliferating and non-proliferating immune cells [CMS-Seq]
| PRJNA688083 | ENA
Project description:Roles of TET and TDG in DNA demethylation in proliferating and non-proliferating immune cells [BS-PB]
| PRJNA688084 | ENA
Project description:Growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein 45 (Gadd45) family members have been implicated in DNA demethylation in vertebrates. However, it remained unclear how they contribute to the demethylation process. Here, we demonstrate that Gadd45a promotes active DNA demethylation through thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) which has recently been shown to excise 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC) generated in Ten-eleven-translocation (Tet) -initiated oxidative demethylation. The connection of Gadd45a with oxidative demethylation is evidenced by the enhanced activation of a methylated reporter gene in HEK293T cells expressing Gadd45a in combination with catalytically active TDG and Tet. Gadd45a interacts with TDG physically and increases the removal of 5fC and 5caC from genomic and transfected plasmid DNA by TDG. Knockout of both Gadd45a and Gadd45b from mouse ES cells leads to hypermethylation of specific genomic loci most of which are also targets of TDG and show 5fC enrichment in TDG-deficient cells. These observations indicate that the demethylation effect of Gadd45a is mediated by TDG activity. This finding thus unites Gadd45a with the recently defined Tet-initiated demethylation pathway. The dataset includes RRBS anlysis of 2 WT ES cell samples and 2 Gadd45a/b DKO ES cell samples.
2015-05-07 | E-GEOD-62496 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Tet-mediated DNA oxidation is a new type of epigenetic modification in mammals and its role in the regulation of cell fate transition remains poorly understood. Here, we derive mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) deleted in all three Tet genes and examine their capability to be reprogrammed into iPS cells. We demonstrate that these Tet-deficient MEFs cannot be reprogrammed due to a blockage in the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET). Reprogramming of MEFs deficient in TDG is similarly blocked. The blockage is caused by impaired activation of crucial microRNAs, which depends on oxidative demethylation promoted by Tet and TDG. Reintroduction of either miR-200c or catalytically active Tet and TDG restores reprogramming to the respective knockout MEFs. Thus, oxidative demethylation is essential for somatic cell reprogramming. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the operation of epigenetic barriers in cell lineage conversion. Reduced Representation Bisulfite (RRBS, MspI,~75-400bp size fraction) and Tet-Assisted RRBS (TARRBS) of MEFs & reprogramming MEFs at Day 5
2014-02-19 | E-GEOD-52741 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein 45 (Gadd45) family members have been implicated in DNA demethylation in vertebrates. However, it remained unclear how they contribute to the demethylation process. Here, we demonstrate that Gadd45a promotes active DNA demethylation through thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) which has recently been shown to excise 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC) generated in Ten-eleven-translocation (Tet) -initiated oxidative demethylation. The connection of Gadd45a with oxidative demethylation is evidenced by the enhanced activation of a methylated reporter gene in HEK293T cells expressing Gadd45a in combination with catalytically active TDG and Tet. Gadd45a interacts with TDG physically and increases the removal of 5fC and 5caC from genomic and transfected plasmid DNA by TDG. Knockout of both Gadd45a and Gadd45b from mouse ES cells leads to hypermethylation of specific genomic loci most of which are also targets of TDG and show 5fC enrichment in TDG-deficient cells. These observations indicate that the demethylation effect of Gadd45a is mediated by TDG activity. This finding thus unites Gadd45a with the recently defined Tet-initiated demethylation pathway.
2015-05-07 | GSE62496 | GEO
Project description:Tet-mediated DNA oxidation is a new type of epigenetic modification in mammals and its role in the regulation of cell fate transition remains poorly understood. Here, we derive mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) deleted in all three Tet genes and examine their capability to be reprogrammed into iPS cells. We demonstrate that these Tet-deficient MEFs cannot be reprogrammed due to a blockage in the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET). Reprogramming of MEFs deficient in TDG is similarly blocked. The blockage is caused by impaired activation of crucial microRNAs, which depends on oxidative demethylation promoted by Tet and TDG. Reintroduction of either miR-200c or catalytically active Tet and TDG restores reprogramming to the respective knockout MEFs. Thus, oxidative demethylation is essential for somatic cell reprogramming. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the operation of epigenetic barriers in cell lineage conversion.
2014-02-19 | GSE52741 | GEO