Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA688283 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR13314002.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR13314003.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR13314004.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR13314005.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR13314006.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:There has been an emergence and expansion of tick-borne diseases in Europe, Asia and North America in recent years, including Lyme disease, tick-borne encephalitis, and human anaplasmosis. The primary tick vectors implicated are hard ticks of the Ixodes genera. Although much is known about the host response to these bacterial and viral pathogens, there is limited knowledge of the cellular responses to infection within the tick vector. The bacterium Anaplasma phagocytophilum (A. phagocytophilum), is able to bypass apoptotic processes in ticks, enabling infection to proceed. However, the tick cellular responses to infection with the flaviviruses tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and louping ill virus (LIV), which cause tick-borne encephalitis and louping ill respectively, are less clear. Infection of an Ixodes ricinus (I. ricinus) tick cell line with the viruses LIV and TBEV, and the bacterium A. phagocytophilum, identified activation of common and distinct cellular pathways. In particular, commonly-upregulated genes included those that modulate apoptotic pathways (HSP70), putative anti-pathogen genes (FKBP and XBL1), and genes that influence the tick innate immune response, including selective activation of toll genes. These data provide an insight into potentially key genes involved in the tick cellular response to viral or bacterial infection.
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Project description:In Europe, ticks are the most important vectors of diseases threatening humans, livestock, wildlife and companion animals. Nevertheless, genomic sequence information and functional annotation of proteins of the most important European tick, Ixodes ricinus, is limited. Here we present the first analysis of the I. ricinus genome and of the transcriptome of the unfed I. ricinus midgut. We combined and integrated data from genome, transcriptome and proteome. The de novo assembly of 1 billion paired-end sequences identified 6,415 putative genes providing an unprecedented insight into the I. ricinus genome. Mapping of our midgut mRNA reads to the assembled contigs let us estimate to cover around two third of the unique genomic sequences. In addition, more than 10,000 transcripts from naïve midgut were annotated functionally and/or locally. By combining the alignment-based with a motif-search based annotation approach, we could double the number of annotations throughout all groups without shifting the dataset. Moreover, 1,175 proteins expressed in the naïve midgut were identified by mass spectrometry confirming the high completeness of our transcriptome database, and 608 were significantly annotated for function and/or localization. This multiple-omics study vastly extends the publicly available DNA, RNA and protein databases for I. ricinus and ticks in general.
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Project description:Here, we challenged rabbits with repeated feeding of Ixodes ricinus adults and observed the formation of specific antibodies against several tick salivary proteins. To identify the salivary antigens, isolated immunoglobulins from repeatedly infested rabbits were utilised for a pull-down from the saliva of pilocarpine-treated ticks. Eluted antigens were separated on 1D SDS-PAGE and analysed by peptide mass fingerprinting. To increase the authenticity of immunogens identified, we also performed, for the first time, de novo assembly of the sialome from I. ricinus females fed for six days, a timepoint used for pilocarpine-salivation.
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Project description:Ticks are blood feeding arthropod ectoparasites that transmit pathogens, which cause diseases in humans and animals worldwide. In the past ten decades, the continuous human exploitation of environmental resources and the increase in human outdoor activities has promoted contact with arthropod vectors normally present in the wild, resulting in increased transmission of vector-borne pathogens. In addition, vector populations are expanding in response to climate change and human interventions that impact reservoir host movement and human exposure to infected vectors. Among these emerging vector-borne pathogens, Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) has become an important tick-borne pathogen in the United States, Europe and Asia, with increasing numbers of infected people and animals every year. Diseases caused by A. phagocytophilum include human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA), equine and canine granulocytic anaplasmosis and tick-borne fever (TBF) in ruminants. The natural infection cycle of A. phagocytophilum is dependent upon the presence of infected vertebrate reservoir hosts and Ixodid tick vectors. In the United States and Europe the main vector species are Ixodes scapularis, Ixodes pacificus, and Ixodes ricinus, while a wide range of mammals, lizards, and birds serve as reservoir hosts for various A. phagocytophilum genotypes. A. phagocytophilum initially infects tick midgut cells and then subsequently develops in salivary glands for transmission to susceptible hosts during tick feeding where the pathogen infects granulocytic cells, primarily neutrophils. Anaplasma phagocytophilum develops within membrane-bound inclusions in the host cell cytoplasm. This pathogen has evolved with its tick and vertebrate hosts through dynamic processes involving genetic traits of the pathogen and hosts that collectively mediate pathogen infection, development, persistence, and survival. However, the mechanisms used by A. phagocytophilum for molecular mechanisms involved in tick-pathogen interactions have not been fully characterized. The objective of this study is to characterize the dynamics of the microRNA response in the tick vector Ixodes scapularis in response to A. phagocytophilum infection. To address this objective, the composition of tick microRNAs was characterize using RNA sequencing in I. scapularis tick cells in response to A. phagocytophilum infection. The discovery of these mechanisms provides evidence that a control strategy could be developed targeted at both vertebrate and tick hosts for more complete control of A. phagocytophilum and its associated diseases.
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