Project description:We used in vitro tissue culture system (named VISUAL), in which xylem and phloem differentiation can be induced with Arabidopsis thaliana cotyledons To investigate temporal gene expression profiles during ectopic vascular cell defferentiaction processes, we performed GeneChip analysis using VISUAL.
Project description:Cephalopods have a remarkable visual system, with a camera-type eye, high acuity vision, and a wide range of sophisticated visual behaviors. However, the cephalopod brain is organized dramatically differently from that of vertebrates, as well as other invertebrates, and little is known regarding the cell types and molecular determinants of their visual system organization beyond neuroanatomical descriptions. Here we present a comprehensive single-cell molecular atlas of the octopus optic lobe, which is the primary visual processing structure in the cephalopod brain. We combined single-cell RNA sequencing with RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization to both identify putative molecular cell types and determine their anatomical and spatial organization within the optic lobe. Our results reveal six major neuronal cell classes identified by neurotransmitter/neuropeptide usage, in addition to non-neuronal and immature neuronal populations. Moreover, we find that additional markers divide these neuronal classes into subtypes with distinct anatomical localizations, revealing cell type diversity and a detailed laminar organization within the optic lobe. We also delineate the immature neurons within this continuously growing tissue into subtypes defined by evolutionarily conserved fate specification genes as well as novel cephalopod- and octopus- specific genes. Together, these findings outline the organizational logic of the octopus visual system, based on functional determinants, laminar identity, and developmental markers/pathways. The resulting atlas presented here delineates the “parts list” of the neural circuits used for vision in octopus, providing a platform for investigations into the development and function of the octopus visual system as well as the evolution of visual processing.
Project description:Time course of mRNA after 30 minutes of endurance exercise at simulated altitude of 4000 m in an untrained or six weeks trained state of six subjects.
Project description:Visual deprivation, either in the form of dark rearing (DR) or monocular deprivation (MD) are established paradigms for studying cortical plasticity. We have used miRNA microarray to uncover miRNAs whose expression is altered in primary visual cortex following DR and/or MD. C57BL6 mice were reared in normal light and dark conditions (control) till P28, in complete darkness since birth (DR) till P28, or were grown in normal light/dark conditions from birth till P24 and then subjected to lid suturing of one eye till P28. Mice were euthanized at P28 and their primary visual cortex areas were excised and subjected to RNA isolation. In the case of MD mice only the contralateral to lid suture primary visual cortex was extracted. 100ng of total RNA (tested and quantified using the Agilent Bioanalyzer 2100) were labeled using the Agilent miRNA labeling system and hybridized to Agilent murine miRNA arrays. Microarrays were hybridized overnight at 64 ºC, scanned using an Agilent scanner and extracted with Agilent feature extractor 10.1.
Project description:Visual deprivation, either in the form of dark rearing (DR) or monocular deprivation (MD) are established paradigms for studying cortical plasticity. We have used miRNA microarray to uncover miRNAs whose expression is altered in primary visual cortex following DR and/or MD.