Project description:Interleukin (IL)-37 suppresses systemic and local inflammation. It is expressed in the epidermis, the external layer of the skin, and is decreased in inflammatory skin diseases including atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis. Therefore, an agent applied topically on the skin that can increase IL-37 could be promising for treating AD and psoriasis; however, the mechanism regulating IL-37 remains largely unknown. Given that IL-37 expression is induced in differentiated keratinocytes, a major component of the epidermis, and that activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a ligand-activated transcription factor, promotes keratinocyte differentiation, we hypothesized that AHR might be involved in the IL-37 expression in human keratinocytes. We analyzed normal epidermal human keratinocytes (NHEKs) treated with tapinarof and Galactomyces fermentation filtrate (GFF), which are potent AHR modulators. We found that tapinarof and GFF upregulated IL-37 in NHEKs, which was canceled by the knockdown of AHR using siRNA transfection, indicating that AHR mediates IL-37 expression in NHEKs. Furthermore, we found that the knockdown of IL-37 resulted in the upregulation of IL-33, an alarmin cytokine with crucial roles in the pathogenesis of AD and psoriasis. These findings suggest that IL-37 negatively regulates IL-33 expression in NHEKs. Finally, we examined whether tapinarof and GFF treatment modulates IL-33 expression in NHEKs. Such treatment inhibited IL-33 expression, which was partially reversed by the knockdown of either AHR or IL-37. Taken together, our findings provide the first evidence that tapinarof and GFF could have potential to prevent IL-33-overexpressing disorders such as AD and psoriasis via the AHR/IL-37 axis.
Project description:In order to compare gene expression signatures of IL-36β and IL-37, primary human keratinocytes were incubated with activated IL-36β and K53-IL-37 for 2h.
Project description:Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a novel member of the IL-1 family of cytokines that plays diverse roles in the regulation of immune responses. IL-33 exerts its effects by binding to a heterodimeric receptor complex consisting of interleukin-1 receptor like 1 (IL1RL1) and an accessory receptor protein IL-1RAcP resulting in the production and release of proinflammatory cytokines. A detailed understanding of the signaling pathways activated by IL-33 remains elusive. To elucidate IL-33 mediated signaling, we performed a global quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis using stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture. Employing anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies and titanium dioxide-based enrichment strategies, we identified 6,207 phosphorylation sites mapping to 2,013 phosphoproteins of which more than 185 phosphosites are regulated by IL-33 stimulation. Our findings will greatly expand the understanding of IL-33 signaling and provide novel therapeutic targets for IL-33/IL-33R-associated diseases in humans.
Project description:IL-33 is a nuclear cytokine from the IL-1 family that plays important roles in health and disease. Under healthy conditions, IL-33 is constitutively expressed to high levels in the nucleus of producing cells in various human and mouse tissues. The extracellular function of IL-33 cytokine has been well documented, but it remains unclear whether intracellular nuclear IL-33 has additional functions in the nucleus. Here, we used a global proteomic approach based on quantification of 5000 individual proteins by high-resolution mass spectrometry to compare the extracellular and intracellular roles of IL-33 in primary human endothelial cells, a major source of IL-33 protein in human tissues. Large-scale analysis of protein expression was performed either after stimulation of the cells with the IL-33 mature form IL-3395-270 (during 6h or 24h) or after siRNA knockdown of intracellular IL-33 (two experiments, each with a different pool of distinct siRNAs, noted siRNA1 and siRNA2). In each case, proteins were fractionated by 1D SDS-PAGE in 12 gel bands, and label-free quantitative analysis was performed. The present dataset contains the files for the two experiments of knockdown of endogenous nuclear IL-33 expression: - RNA silencing strategy 1. Knockdown of endogenous nuclear IL-33 expression was performed with a pool of four distinct siRNAs (Dharmacon ON-TARGETplus SMARTpool IL-33 siRNAs) that have been specifically modified for efficient silencing of the target gene with reduced off-target effects. Cells transfected with these siRNA duplexes (si1) were compared with those transfected with the provided controls (CTsi1). Three independent biological replicates (noted _A, _B, _C) were prepared and analyzed for each condition, leading to 6 different samples. Each of them was fractionated into 12 gel bands analyzed by nanoLC-MS/MS, leading to 72 raw files. - RNA silencing strategy 2. The second knockdown strategy was based on the use of an independent pool of three siRNAs targeting IL-33, predesigned by another provider using new and critical siRNA design rules (Sigma MISSION Predesigned Il-33 siRNAs based on Rosetta siRNA design algorithm). Cells transfected with these siRNA duplexes (si2) were compared with those transfected with the provided controls (CTsi2). Three independent biological replicates (noted _A, _B, _C) were prepared and analyzed for each condition, leading to 6 different samples. Each of them was fractionated into 12 gel bands analyzed by nanoLC-MS/MS, leading to 72 raw files.
Project description:Determination of the molecular mechanism of IL33 on glioma cells Since IL-33 is known to associate with chromatin and regulate transcriptional activity and that nuclear expression of IL-33 increases glioma progression, we determined Nuclear IL-33 regulates the expression and secretion of inflammatory cytokines in glioma cells. Using these parameters 340 genes were induced by the ectopic expression of IL-33 and an additional 377 genes were downregulated. Gene ontology terms over-represented in the genes induced by IL-33 include three major clusters that associate with cytokine activity and inflammation
Project description:Interleukin-33 (IL-33), a member of the IL-1 superfamily cytokines, is an endogenous danger signal and a nuclear-associated cytokine. It is one of the essential mediators of both innate and adaptive immune responses. Aberrant IL-33 signaling has been demonstrated to play a defensive role against various infectious and inflammatory diseases. Although the signaling responses mediated by IL-33 have been previously reported, the temporal signalingdynamicsare yet to be explored. Towards this end,we applied quantitative temporal phosphoproteomics analysis to elucidate pathways and proteins induced by IL-33 in THP1 monocytes. Employing TMT labeling-based quantitation and titanium dioxide (TiO2)-based phosphopeptide enrichment strategy followed by mass spectrometry analysis, we identified 14,515 phosphorylation sites mapping to 4,174 proteins across (0 min to 240 mins)time points.
Project description:Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by severe obstruction of small pulmonary arteries and concomitant high pulmonary arterial pressure, resulting in progressive right ventricular failure. Previously, we demonstrated that long-term interleukin (IL)-33 administration in mice induced severe occlusive arterial hypertrophy in the lung, which was mediated by group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). In response to IL-33, ILC2s accumulated around blood vessels and produced IL-5, leading to perivascular eosinophil recruitment. In this study, we further characterized IL-33-induced pulmonary arterial hypertrophy. We first demonstrated that long-term IL-33 administration caused an increase in the right ventricular pressure. In IL-33 deficient mice, pulmonary arterial hypertrophy mediated by eggs of Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) was attenuated, accompanied with partial reduction in ILC2s, eosinophils and CD4+ T cells. In addition, proteomic analysis revealed dramatic changes in urine samples from mice treated with IL-33 or S. mansoni eggs. Resistin like alpha (RELM), a pulmonary hypertension-related molecule, in the urine was commonly detected in both treatments. Large amounts of RELM were observed in the lung from IL-33-treated mice. These observations support that IL-33-induced pulmonary arterial hypertrophy is a useful model to study the mechanism underlying development of PAH and expolar biomarkers to indicate the onset of PAH.