Project description:Complex microbial metabolism is key to taste formation in high-quality fish sauce during fermentation. To guide quality supervising and targeted regulation, we analyzed the function of microbial flora during fermentation based on a previous metagenomic database. Most of the identified genes involved in metabolic functions showed an upward trend in abundance during fermentation. In total, 571 proteins extracted from fish sauce at different fermentation stages were identified. The proteins were mainly derived from Halanaerobium, Psychrobacter, Photobacterium, and Tetragenococcus. Functional annotation showed 15 pathways related to amino acid metabolism, including alanine, aspartate, glutamate, and histidine metabolism; lysine degradation; and arginine biosynthesis.
Project description:Peripheral blood samples (0.45 ml) were collected from 8 preterm infants (30–32 weeks gestational age [GA]), 8 term infants (37–41 weeks) GA, and 8 adults (18–25 years). Samples were challenged ex vivo with a defined dose of approximately 1x10^7 colony-forming units (CFU) of either Staphylococcus epidermidis WT 1457 or Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29523 for 90 minutes. An additional aliquot (0.1 ml) from each participant’s blood was retained as an unstimulated baseline control. Following the bacterial challenge, a previously optimized RNA extraction protocol was employed to isolate total RNA from leukocytes and bacteria in all samples (n = 72). Ribosomal RNA was depleted from the purified RNA, which was subsequently sequenced using 150 bp paired-end reads on a NovaSeq 6000 platform (Illumina). Sequencing reads were aligned to host and bacterial reference genomes in silico, and bioinformatic analyses were performed to investigate host- and pathogen-specific transcriptional changes associated with early infection in this sepsis model.
Project description:In order to identify the genes induced by different bacterial cells, which may contain different types of pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), high-throughput gene expression analyses using Agilent custom-oligo DNA microarray containingon 9,573 probes constructed for Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus were conducted. A number of genes showed significant changes in mRNA levels. However, there are no significant difference in a manner of the changes among the different bacterial cell treatments. The genes significantly induced by the treatments included well-known immune-related genes such as granulocyte-colony stimulation factor, haptoglobin, hepcidin. The kidney were isolated from the formalin killed cells (FKCs) intraperitoneal injected Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus using the four formalin-killed cells, Edwardsiella tarda strain 54, Lactococcus garviae strain EH8706, Streptococcus iniae strain 02 and Vibrio anguillarum strain H775-3, respectively. Fishes were administered by an intraperitoneal injection using the 1.0 x 10^7 to 1.0 x 10^8 cells of FKCs. After 6 hours from a injection, fish kidney was isolated. We also isolated phosphate-bufferd seline injected fish kidney as a control. We analyzed a four samples in control. We also analyze a three samples in FKC injected fish (16 hybridization).