Effect of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascade on radiation biodosimetry
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PROVIDER: PRJNA764219 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Radiation biodosimetry based on transcriptomic analysis of peripheral blood is a valuable tool to detect radiation exposure after a radiological/nuclear event and obtain useful biological information that could predict tissue and organismal injury. However, confounding factors, including inflammation, can potentially obscure the predictive power of the method. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 is normally regulated by the MAP3K-MAP2K pathway in mammalian cells. Members of the p38 MAPK family respond to pro-inflammatory signals and environmental stresses. However, in T cells there is an alternative pathway for p38MAPK activation. This pathway has been shown to play an important role in antigen-receptor-activated T cells and participate in immune and inflammatory responses. Radiation is known to induce a pro-inflammatory response. To examine the role of p38MAPK in response to radiation, we used two mouse models expressing either a p38αMAPK dominant negative (DN) mutation that would be expected to globally suppress p38MAPK signaling or a double knock-in (DKI) mutant, which would be expected to inhibit specifically T cell receptor activation. We exposed wild-type and p38MAPK mutant mice to 7 Gy x-rays and 24 h later we isolated whole blood and performed genome microarray and gene ontology analysis. Comparison between the two mutants (DN, DKI) suggest that the alternative p38MAPK pathway may have wider functions in the response to radiation exposure beyond its well established role as a downstream effector of activated T-cell receptor. Among the differentially enriched pathways, irradiation leads to a significant overrepresentation of pathways associated with morbidity and mortality as well as organismal cell death. In contrast, these pathways were significantly underrepresented in p38MAPKDN and p38MAPKDKI mutant mice, implying that p38MAPK suppression protects mice from the deleterious effects of radiation. Furthermore, radiation exposure resulted in an enrichment of a small number of phagocytosis-related pathways; however, considerably more phagocytosis-related pathways were overrepresented in the p38MAPK mutant mice, implying that p38MAPK signaling, normally, restricts phagocytosis of apoptotic cells after radiation and may, thus, contribute to persistent inflammation. Finally, despite the significant changes in gene expression, we were still able to identify a panel of genes that could accurately distinguish between irradiated and control mice, irrespective of p38MAPK status.
2022-05-06 | GSE184361 | GEO
Project description:Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) regulate cardiomyocyte growth and apoptosis in response to extracellular stimulation, but the downstream effectors that mediate their pathophysiological effects remain poorly understood. We determined the targets and role of p38 MAPK in the heart in vivo by using local adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of constitutively active upstream kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3b (MKK3bE) and wild-type p38α in rats. DNA microarray analysis of animals with cardiac-specific overexpression of p38 MAPK revealed that 264 genes were upregulated more than 2-fold including multiple genes controlling cell division, cell signaling, inflammation, adhesion and transcription. Several previously unknown p38 target genes were found. Using gel mobility shift assays we identified several cardiac transcription factors that were directly activated by p38 MAPK. Finally, we determined the functional significance of the altered cardiac gene expression profile by histological analysis and echocardiographic measurements, which indicated that p38 MAPK overexpression induced gene expression results in cell proliferation, myocardial inflammation and fibrosis. In conclusion, we defined the novel target genes and transcription factors as well as the functional effects of p38 MAPK in the heart. Expression profiling of p38 MAPK overexpression identified cell cycle regulatory and inflammatory genes critical for pathological processes in the adult heart. Experiment Overall Design: Left ventricular gene expression profiles three days after MKK3bE + WT p38α gene transfer were compared with those of Lac Z âtreated animals by screening Affymetrix Rat Expression Set 230_2.0 Arrays (there are 5 samples in both group).
2009-04-25 | E-GEOD-3866 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Radiation biodosimetry based on transcriptomic analysis of peripheral blood is a valuable tool to detect radiation exposure after a radiological/nuclear event and obtain useful biological information that could predict tissue and organismal injury. However, confounding factors, including chronic inflammation or immune suppression, can potentially obscure the predictive power of the method. Members of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family respond to pro-inflammatory signals and environmental stresses, whereas genetic ablation of the p38 signaling pathway in mice leads to reduced susceptibility to collagen-induced arthritis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis that model human rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis, respectively. p38 is normally regulated by the MAP3K-MAP2K pathway in mammalian cells. However, in T cells there is an alternative pathway for p38 activation that plays an important role in antigen-receptor-activated T cells and participates in immune and inflammatory responses. To examine the role of p38 in response to radiation, we used two mouse models expressing either a p38α dominant negative (DN) mutation that globally suppresses p38 signaling or a p38αβ double-knock-in (DKI) mutant, which inhibits specifically T-cell receptor activation. We exposed p38 wild-type (p38WT) and mutant male mice to 7 Gy X rays and 24 h later whole blood was isolated subjected to whole-genome microarray and gene ontology analysis. Irradiation of p38WT mice led to a significant overrepresentation of pathways associated with morbidity and mortality, as well as organismal cell death. In contrast, these pathways were significantly underrepresented in p38DN and p38DKI mutant mice, suggesting that p38 attenuation may protect blood cells from the deleterious effects of radiation. Furthermore, radiation exposure in p38 mutant mice resulted in an enrichment of phagocytosis-related pathways, suggesting a role for p38 signaling in restricting phagocytosis of apoptotic cells after irradiation. Finally, despite the significant changes in gene expression, it was still feasible to identify a panel of genes that could accurately distinguish between irradiated and control mice, irrespective of p38 status.
| S-EPMC9310339 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Emerging coronaviruses (CoVs) primarily cause severe gastroenteric or respiratory diseases in humans and animals, for which no approved therapeutics are available so far. Here A9, a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (RTKIs) of the tyrphostin class was identified as a robust inhibitor of TGEV (Transmissible gastroenteritis virus) infection in cell-based assays. Time-of-addition studies suggested that A9 mainly acts at post-adsorption stage of the TGEV life cycle. Moreover, it also exhibited potent antiviral activity against various coronavirus replication, including MHV, PEDV and FIPV. We further investigated the mechanism of action of A9 against TGEV infection in vitro with comparative phosphoproteomics analysis. We specifically identified the A9 target, p38 and JNK1, the downstream molecules of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) as required for efficient TGEV replication in vitro through plaque assay, qRT-PCR and western blotting assays. Additionally, tests of p38 and JNK1 inhibitors also indicated that interventions targeting p38 was more effective in suppressing TGEV propagation than the JNK. In conclusion, these findings indicate that the receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor A9 can directly inhibits TGEV replication and its inhibitory activity on TGEV replication mainly regulated by targeting p38, which provide vital clues to design novel drugs against coronavirus.
2020-05-26 | PXD010685 | Pride
Project description:The MAP kinase cascades, composed of a MAP3K, a MAP2K, and a MAPK, control switch responses to extracellular stimuli and stress in eukaryotes. The most important feature of these modules is thought to be the two double phosphorylation reactions catalyzed by MAP3Ks and MAP2Ks. We addressed whether the reactions are sequential or random in the p38 MAP kinase module. Mass spectrometry was used to track the phosphorylation of the MAP2K MEK6 by two MAP3Ks, TAO2 and ASK1, and the subsequent phosphorylation of p38? by MEK6/S*T* (where S (Ser) and T (Thr) are the two phosphorylation sites and * denotes phosphorylation). Both double phosphorylation reactions are precisely ordered. MEK6 is phosphorylated first on Thr-211 and then on Ser-207 by both MAP3Ks. This is the first demonstration of a precise reaction order for a MAP2K. p38? is phosphorylated first on Tyr-182 and then on Thr-180, the same reaction order observed previously in ERK2. Thus, intermediates were MEK6/ST* and p38?/TY*. Similarly, the phosphorylation of the p38? transcription factor substrate ATF2 occurs in a precise sequence. Progress curves for the appearance of intermediates were fit to kinetic models. The models confirmed the reaction order, revealed processivity in the phosphorylation of MEK6 by ASK1, and suggested that the order of phosphorylation is dictated by both binding and catalysis rates.
| S-EPMC3743502 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Understanding the possible impact of potential confounding factors is necessary for any approach to radiation biodosimetry. Potential confounding factors have not been fully addressed for gene expression-based biodosimetry approaches, such as we are developing. To begin addressing this need, we have used an ex vivo irradiated peripheral blood cell model to investigate the potential effect of smoking on the global radiation gene expression response, and looked for genes that respond to radiation differently in smokers and non-smokers, and also in males and females. The results indicate that only a small number of genes may be significantly confounded by either factor, supporting the idea of developing peripheral blood gene expression strategies for radiation biodosimetry.
2011-03-16 | GSE23515 | GEO
Project description:Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) regulate cardiomyocyte growth and apoptosis in response to extracellular stimulation, but the downstream effectors that mediate their pathophysiological effects remain poorly understood. We determined the targets and role of p38 MAPK in the heart in vivo by using local adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of constitutively active upstream kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3b (MKK3bE) and wild-type p38α in rats. DNA microarray analysis of animals with cardiac-specific overexpression of p38 MAPK revealed that 264 genes were upregulated more than 2-fold including multiple genes controlling cell division, cell signaling, inflammation, adhesion and transcription. Several previously unknown p38 target genes were found. Using gel mobility shift assays we identified several cardiac transcription factors that were directly activated by p38 MAPK. Finally, we determined the functional significance of the altered cardiac gene expression profile by histological analysis and echocardiographic measurements, which indicated that p38 MAPK overexpression induced gene expression results in cell proliferation, myocardial inflammation and fibrosis. In conclusion, we defined the novel target genes and transcription factors as well as the functional effects of p38 MAPK in the heart. Expression profiling of p38 MAPK overexpression identified cell cycle regulatory and inflammatory genes critical for pathological processes in the adult heart. Keywords: Gene transfer
2006-12-19 | GSE3866 | GEO
Project description:Understanding the possible impact of potential confounding factors is necessary for any approach to radiation biodosimetry. Potential confounding factors have not been fully addressed for gene expression-based biodosimetry approaches, such as we are developing. To begin addressing this need, we have used an ex vivo irradiated peripheral blood cell model to investigate the potential effect of smoking on the global radiation gene expression response, and looked for genes that respond to radiation differently in smokers and non-smokers, and also in males and females. The results indicate that only a small number of genes may be significantly confounded by either factor, supporting the idea of developing peripheral blood gene expression strategies for radiation biodosimetry. Blood from each of 24 different donors was exposed to four doses of ionizing radiation (0, 0.1, 0.5, or 2 Gy) and analyzed using single-color microarray hybridization. The donors represented equal numbers of male and female smokers (1 or more packs a day) and non-smokers. There are 95 data sets in the study as the sample from one of the female smokers exposed to 2 Gy was lost.
2011-03-16 | E-GEOD-23515 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Maintenance of lysosomal integrity is essential for cell viability. Upon injury, lysosomes may be targeted for degradation via a form of selective autophagy known as lysophagy, in which autophagosomes engulf damaged lysosomes following the recruitment of adaptor proteins. One of these adaptors, SQSTM1/p62, promotes lysophagy via liquid-like phase separation on damaged lysosomes. The formation of p62 condensates is regulated by the heat shock protein HSP27. Here, we demonstrate a direct interaction between HSP27 and p62. We used structural modeling to predict the binding interface between HSP27 and p62, and found several disease-associated mutations that map to this interface and disrupt the interaction. We then used proteomics to identify post-translational modifications of HSP27 that determine HSP27 recruitment to stressed lysosomes, finding robust phosphorylation at Serine residues 15, 78, and 82. We characterized the signaling mechanism leading to HSP27 phosphorylation. We find that p38 MAPK and its effector kinase MK2 are activated upon lysosomal damage by the kinase mTOR and the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Increased ROS activates p38 MAPK, which in turn allows MK2-dependent phosphorylation of HSP27. Either depletion of HSP27 or inhibition of HSP27 phosphorylation alters the liquidity of p62 condensates, significantly inhibiting p62-dependent lysophagy. Thus, we define a novel lysosomal quality control mechanism in which lysosomal injury triggers a p38 MAPK/MK2 signaling cascade regulating p62-dependent lysophagy. Further, this signaling cascade is activated by a variety of cellular stressors, including oxidative and heat stress, suggesting that other forms of selective autophagy may be regulated by p38 MAPK/MK2/HSP27.
2024-10-22 | PXD051927 | Pride
Project description:We used Bio-Rad laboratories, lnc. PCR assay panel to analyze expression levels of MAPK genes in various tissues or organs. Cucumber plants of the ‘Jinyan No.4’ cultivar were reared in growth chambers at 28 ± 1 °C with a photoperiod of 16 h light/8 h dark and light intensity of 400 μmol m−2 s−1. The roots, leaves, stems, female flower buds (approximately 3 d before anthesis), male flower buds (approximately 1.0 cm in length), and fruits (10 d after pollination) were collected from flowering plants for tissue expression analysis. The experiment was designed to gain insight into the temporal and spatial transcription patterns of 58 MAPK cascade genes in cucumber.
2015-05-01 | E-GEOD-68438 | biostudies-arrayexpress