Gene expression at the transcriptional level of the white-rot fungus Lenzites gibbosa during wood degradation.
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PROVIDER: PRJNA764581 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:To determine the wood degradation mechanism and its key genes of Lenzites gibbosa, we sequenced 15 transcriptomes of mycelial samples under woody environments at 3, 5, 7, and 11 d (D3, D5, D7, and D11) and non-woody environments (CK). All the transcripts were annotated as much as possible in eight databases to determine their function. The key genes and biological processes, relating to wood degradation, were predicted and screened. A total of 2069 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained in ten differential groups. Comparing wood with non-wood treatment conditions, the key genes were those participating in oxidation-reduction process, they were oxidoreductases and peroxidases genes, and their regulators genes; these genes mainly focused on the three biological processes of carbohydrate metabolism, lignin catabolism, and secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism. The mostly enriched subcategories in molecular function were oxidoreductase activity, peroxidase activity, and heme binding in GO annotation. One cellulose and hemicellulose degradation pathway and seven pathways related to lignin-derived aromatic compounds degradation or late lignin degradation were found. In conclusion, during the process of L. gibbosa growing on wood, gene expression at the transcriptional level indicated that lignin catabolism and hyphal growth were promoted, but the metabolism of carbon and carbohydrates including cellulose in lignocellulose in overall trend was inhibited to some extent. The results have important reference value for the study of degradation mechanism of wood white rot.
2023-09-17 | GSE184416 | GEO
Project description:The genus Armillaria spp. (Fungi, Basidiomycota) includes devastating pathogens of temperate forests and saprotrophs that decay wood. Pathogenic and saprotrophic Armillaria species can efficiently colonize and decay woody substrates, however, mechanisms of wood penetration and colonization are poorly known. We assayed the colonization and decay of autoclaved spruce roots using the conifer-specialists Armillaria ostoyae and A. cepistipes using transcriptomic and proteomic data. Transcript and protein levels were altered more extensively in the saprotrophic A. cepistipes than in the pathogenic A. ostoyae and in invasive mycelia of both species compared to their rhizomorphs. Diverse suites of carbohydrate-active enzyme genes (CAZymes), in particular pectinolytic ones and expansins, were upregulated in both species, whereas ligninolytic genes were mostly downregulated. Our gene expression data, together with previous comparative genomic and decay-chemistry analyses suggest that wood decay by Armillaria differs from that of typical white rot fungi and shows features resembling soft rot. We propose that Armillaria species have modified the ancestral white rot machinery so that it allows for selective ligninolysis based on environmental conditions and/or host types.
2020-05-04 | GSE149725 | GEO
Project description:The genus Armillaria spp. (Fungi, Basidiomycota) includes devastating pathogens of temperate forests and saprotrophs that decay wood. Pathogenic and saprotrophic Armillaria species can efficiently colonize and decay woody substrates, however, mechanisms of wood penetration and colonization are poorly known. We assayed the colonization and decay of autoclaved spruce roots using the conifer-specialists Armillaria ostoyae and A. cepistipes using transcriptomic and proteomic data. Transcript and protein levels were altered more extensively in the saprotrophic A. cepistipes than in the pathogenic A. ostoyae and in invasive mycelia of both species compared to their rhizomorphs. Diverse suites of carbohydrate-active enzyme genes (CAZymes), in particular pectinolytic ones and expansins, were upregulated in both species, whereas ligninolytic genes were mostly downregulated. Our gene expression data, together with previous comparative genomic and decay-chemistry analyses suggest that wood decay by Armillaria differs from that of typical white rot fungi and shows features resembling soft rot. We propose that Armillaria species have modified the ancestral white rot machinery so that it allows for selective ligninolysis based on environmental conditions and/or host types.
2020-05-04 | GSE149701 | GEO
Project description:Wood-degrading fungi play a critical role in global carbon cycling, and their varied mechanisms for deconstruction offer pathways for industrial bioconversion. In this study, we used comparative genomics to isolate upregulation patterns among fungi with brown rot (carbohydrate-selective) or white rot (lignin-degrading) nutritional modes. Specifically, we used whole-transcriptome profiling to compare early, middle, and late decay stages on wood wafers, matching differentially-expressed gene (DEG) patterns with fungal growth and enzyme activities. This approach highlighted 34 genes uniquely upregulated in early brown rot stages, with notable candidates involved in generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a pretreatment mechanism during brown rot. This approach further isolated 18 genes in late brown rot stages that may be adapted to handle oxidatively-reacted lignocellulose components. By summing gene expression levels in functional classes, we also identified a broad and reliable distinction in glycoside hydrolase (GH) versus lignocellulose oxidative (LOX) transcript counts that may reflect the energy investment burden of lignin-degrading machinery among white rot fungi.
2018-01-05 | GSE108189 | GEO
Project description:Unique ability of basidiomycete white rot fungi to degrade all components of plant cell walls makes them indispensable organisms in global carbon cycle. In this study, we analyzed proteomes of two closely related white rot fungi, Obba rivulosa and Gelatoporia subvermispora, while growing on solid spruce wood, and defined a core set of CAZymes that was shared between these species including the orthologous enzymes. Similar production pattern of these CAZymes indicate their key role in plant biomass degradation and need for their further biochemical characterization. The obtained results give an insight into specific enzymes and enzyme sets that are produced during the degradation of solid spruce wood. These findings expand the knowledge on enzyme production in nature-mimicking conditions and may contribute to exploitation of white rot fungi and their enzymes in biotechnological applications.
2022-08-08 | PXD030609 | Pride
Project description:Methionine oxydation level was monitored by tandem mass spectrometry for secreted proteins and intracellular proteins from the white-rot fungus Pycnoporus cinnabarinus grown on aspen wood.
2024-11-06 | PXD046271 | Pride
Project description:The ability to obtain carbon and energy is a major requirement to exist in any environment. For several ascomycete fungi (post-)genomic analyses have shown that species that occupy a large variety of habitats possess a diverse enzymatic machinery, while species with a specific habitat have a more focused enzyme repertoire that is well-adapted to the prevailing substrate. White-rot basidiomycete fungi also live in a specific habitat, as they are found exclusively in wood. In this study we evaluated how well the white-rot fungus Dichomitus squalens has adapted to degrade its natural wood substrate. The transcriptome and exoproteome of D. squalens were analysed after cultivation on two natural substrates, aspen and spruce wood, and two non-woody substrates, wheat bran and cotton seed hulls. D. squalens produced ligninolytic enzymes mainly at the early time point of the wood cultures, indicating the need to degrade lignin to get access to wood polysaccharides. Surprisingly, the response of the fungus to the non-woody polysaccharides was nearly as good match to the substrate composition as observed for the wood polysaccharides. This indicates that D. squalens has preserved its ability to efficiently degrade plant polysaccharides not present in its natural habitat.
2017-01-05 | GSE79674 | GEO
Project description:Brown rot fungi have great potential in biorefinery wood conversion systems, because they are the primary wood decomposers in coniferous forests and have an efficient lignocellulose degrading system. Their initial wood degradation mechanism is thought to consist of an oxidative radical-based system that acts sequentially with an enzymatic saccharification system, but the complete molecular mechanism of this system has not yet been elucidated. Some studies have shown that wood degradation mechanisms of brown rot fungi have diversity in their substrate selectivity. Gloeophyllum trabeum, one of the most studied brown rot species, has broad substrate selectivity and even can degrade some grasses. However, the basis for this broad substrate specificity is poorly understood. In this study, we performed RNA-seq analyses on G. trabeum grown on media containing glucose, cellulose, or Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) as the sole carbon source. Beyond the gene expression on glucose, 1129 genes were upregulated on cellulose and 1516 genes were upregulated on cedar. Carbohydrate Active enZyme (CAZyme) genes upregulated on cellulose and cedar media by G. trabeum included GH12, GH131, CE1, AA3_1, AA3_2, AA3_4 and AA9, which is a newly reported expression pattern for brown rot fungi. The upregulation of both terpene synthase and cytochrome P450 genes on cedar media suggests the potential importance of these genes in the production of secondary metabolites associated with the chelator-mediated Fenton reaction. These results provide new insights into the inherent wood degradation mechanism of G. trabeum and the diversity of brown rot mechanisms.
2020-08-05 | GSE155681 | GEO
Project description:Wood-degrading brown rot fungi are essential recyclers of plant biomass in forest ecosystems. Their efficient cellulolytic systems, which have potential biotechnological applications, apparently depend on a combination of two mechanisms: lignocellulose oxidation by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and polysaccharide hydrolysis by a limited set of glycoside hydrolases (GHs). Given that ROS are strongly oxidizing and non-selective, these two steps are likely segregated. A common hypothesis has been that brown rot fungi use a concentration gradient of chelated metal ions to confine ROS generation inside wood cell walls before enzymes can infiltrate. We examined an alternative: that lignocellulose-oxidation (LOX) components involved in ROS production are differentially expressed by brown rot fungi ahead of GH components. We used spatial mapping to resolve a temporal sequence in Postia placenta, sectioning thin wood wafers colonized directionally. Among sections, we measured gene expression by whole transcriptome sequencing (RNAseq) and assayed relevant enzyme activities. We found a marked pattern of LOX upregulation in a narrow (5-mm; 48-hr) zone at the hyphal front, which included many genes likely involved in ROS generation. Upregulation of GH5 endoglucanases and many other GHs clearly occurred later, behind the hyphal front, with notable exceptions of two likely expansins and a GH28 pectinase. Our results support a staggered mechanism for brown rot that is controlled by differential expression rather than microenvironmental gradients. This mechanism likely results in an oxidative pretreatment of lignocellulose, possibly facilitated by expansin- and pectinase-assisted cell wall swelling, before cellulases and hemicellulases are deployed for polysaccharide depolymerization. We sequenced mRNA from 9 Postia placenta samples taken from 3 wood sections of wafer design, with 3 bioreplicates for each wood section, to compare the gene expression during brown rot processes. Three wood sections of the wafer are representing early to late decay stages.
2016-07-18 | E-GEOD-84529 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The basidiomycete white-rot fungus Obba rivulosa, a close relative of Gelatoporia (Ceriporiopsis) subvermispora, is an efficient degrader of softwood. The dikaryotic O. rivulosa strain T241i (FBCC949) has been shown to selectively remove lignin from spruce wood prior to depolymerization of plant cell wall polysaccharides, thus possessing potential in biotechnological applications such as pretreatment of wood in pulp and paper industry. In this work, we studied the time-course of the conversion of spruce by the genome-sequenced monokaryotic O. rivulosa strain 3A-2, which is derived from the dikaryon T241i, to get insights to transcriptome level changes during prolonged solid state cultivation. During 8-week cultivation, O. rivulosa expressed a constitutive set of genes encoding putative plant cell wall degrading enzymes. High level of expression of the genes targeted towards all plant cell wall polymers was detected at 2-week time point, after which majority of the genes showed reduced expression. This implicated non-selective degradation of lignin by the O. rivulosa monokaryon. These results suggest high variation between mono- and dikaryotic strains of the white-rot fungi with respect to their abilities to convert plant cell wall polymers.
2017-12-15 | GSE99871 | GEO