A Population of M2 Macrophages Associated with Bone Formation
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA769279 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR16230855_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR16230855_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Purpose: We had previously published that very early during bone formation we observed a very transient cell that had the phenotype of brown fat and was important in creating a hypoxic microenvironment. This is critical for cartilage formation, the first stage in bone formation. The purpose of the experiments in this manuscript were to determine the phenotype of these "brown fat" cells in more detail. Methods: To determine the phenotype of these cells they were isolated by FACS for the beta 3 adrenergic receptor that we had previously found was a good marker for these cells during bone formation. After isolation, the cells both from HO and from the callus of a fracture were subjected to single cell RNA seq. Results: The results of the single cell RNA seq showed that the cells in HO had many of the phenotypic markers of type 2 macrophages. However, they also retained the markers of brown fat including Ucp1 and Ucp2 as well as many markers of adipogenesis and extreme elevation of mitochondrial proteins. This mixture of proteins is required to burn oxygen in the microenvionment to create hypoxia. The cells made during fracture repair were further along in bone formation because they had other blood cells (B and NK cells) besides these macrophages. However, a small fraction was the same as the macrophages found during HO. Conclusions: The type 2 macrophages made during bone formation had many of the properties of type 2 macrophages in the blood. However, they were also different from macrophages found in blood in that they lacked many of the key markers of blood macrophages. These unique macrophages are made rapidly at the start of bone formation and then disappear four days later probably differentiating to osteoclasts. However, they are critical in determining where the new bone forms as well as its size and shape.
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Project description:We previously identified transient brown adipocyte-like cells associated with heterotopic ossification (HO). These ancillary cells support new vessel synthesis essential to bone formation. Recent studies have shown that the M2 macrophage contributes to tissue regeneration in a similar way. To further define the phenotype of these brown adipocyte-like cells they were isolated and characterized by single-cell RNAseq (scRNAseq). Analysis of the transcriptome and the presence of surface markers specific for macrophages suggest that these cells are M2 macrophages. To validate these findings, clodronate liposomes were delivered to the tissues during HO, and the results showed both a significant reduction in these macrophages as well as bone formation. These cells were isolated and shown in culture to polarize towards either M1 or M2 similar to other macrophages. To confirm that these are M2 macrophages, mice received lipopolysacheride (LPS), which induces proinflammation and M1 macrophages. The results showed a significant decrease in this specific population and bone formation, suggesting an essential role for M2 macrophages in the production of bone. To determine if these macrophages are specific to HO, we isolated these cells using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) from a bone defect model and subjected them to scRNAseq. Surprisingly, the macrophage populations overlapped between the two groups (HO-derived versus callus) suggesting that they may be essential ancillary cells for bone formation in general and not selective to HO. Of further note, their unique metabolism and lipogenic properties suggest the potential for unique cross talk between these cells and the newly forming bone.
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