Project description:The 791spin is the spinosad-selected strain derived from 791a, a laboratory strain derived from a multi-resistant field-collected sample of houseflies. The 791a strain proved highly resistant to pyrethroids and some anticholinesterases and showed some resistance to the chitin synthesis-disrupting larvicides.In order to understand the evolution of insecticide resistance, de novo assembly of a spinosad resistant housefly strain 791spin using 454 technology was initiated Transcriptome analysis of insecticide resistant housefly strain compared to susceptible strain
Project description:The 791spin is the spinosad-selected strain derived from 791a, a laboratory strain derived from a multi-resistant field-collected sample of houseflies. The 791a strain proved highly resistant to pyrethroids and some anticholinesterases and showed some resistance to the chitin synthesis-disrupting larvicides.In order to understand the evolution of insecticide resistance, de novo assembly of a spinosad resistant housefly strain 791spin using 454 technology was initiated
Project description:As tissue macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS), microglia are critically involved in diseases of the CNS. However, it remains unknown what controls their maturation and activation under homeostatic conditions. Here we reveal significant contributions of the host microbiota to microglia homeostasis as germ-free (GF) mice displayed global defects in microglia with altered cell proportions and an immature phenotype leading to impaired innate immune responses. Temporal eradication of host microbiota severely changed microglia properties. Limited microbiota complexity also resulted in defective microglia. In contrast, recolonization with a complex microbiota partially restored microglia features. We determined that short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), microbiota-derived bacterial fermentation products, regulate microglia homeostasis. Accordingly, mice deficient for the SCFA receptor FFAR2 mirrored microglia defects found under GF conditions. These findings reveal that host bacteria vitally regulate microglia maturation and function, whereas microglia impairment can be restored to some extent by complex microbiota. For acute inflammatory challenges, LPS was applied intracranially and 6 hours later, animals were analyzed. Control animals were injected PBS i.c. Transcriptional profiles of FACS-sorted microglia were assessed using Affymetrix® (Santa Clara, USA) GeneChip Arrays (Mouse Gene 2.1 ST Arrays).
