Project description:TLR5 agonist CBLB502 has been reported playing protective effects again IR, Here we find CBLB502 might protect cis-platin induced liver and kidney damages.
Project description:Profiling of proteolytic events mouse kidneys during cisplatin-induced kidney damage. Kidneys from vehicle-treated mice are compared to cisplatin-treated mice and cisplatin treatment in animals preconditioned by hypoxia or calory restriction regimes.
Project description:Farnesoid X receptor (FXR, also known as NR1H4) is crucial to nephroprotective in several kinds of kidney diseases, including obesity, diabetes, aging, acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. FXR plays a key role in maintaining cholesterol and bile acid levels and is highly expressed in the liver, intestine and kidneys. In kidney diseases, it is reported that FXR has anti-lipogenic, anti‐inflammatory, antifibrotic, and antioxidant functions. Here, using genomics analysis, we investigated whether FXR attenuates cisplatin-induced AKI through the regulation of ferroptosis. The increased blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and ferroptotic responses in cisplatin-induced AKI mice were attenuated by treatment with FXR agonist, GW4064, while those were exacerbated in FXR knockout mice. Using RNA-sequencing analysis, we found novel target genes for FXR associated with ferroptosis. FXR agonist treatment increases lipid and glutathione metabolic gene expression and decreases cell death genes expression. This study identifies transcriptional regulation of ferroptosis by FXR as a potential therapeutic target for cisplatin-induced AKI.
Project description:Transcriptional profiling of mouse kidney tissue comparing control untreated mice with mice treated with cisplatin. The latter makes kidney failure. Goal was to identify the alterations of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA profiles in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) in mice.
Project description:While incretin-based therapies are known to improve glucose control in diabetes, growing evidence suggests a glucose-independent mechanism in protection against kidney disease. To further investigate incretin effects in kidney, we examined long-term therapy with liraglutide, a Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP1R) agonist, in diabetic (Ins2Akita) and control mice and profiled renal cell transcriptomes using single-cell sequencing.
Project description:We previously showed that pre-exposure of the cornea to TLR5 ligand flagellin induces profound mucosal innate protection against pathogenic microbes by reprogramming gene expression. To date, there was no genome-wide cDNA array to detect full scale of flagellin mediated reprogramming of gene expression in mucosal surface epithelial cells. Taking advantage of readily accessible, easily procurable epithelial cell population, this study is the first report to use genome-wide cDNA microarray approach to document genes associated with flagellin-induced protection against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in corneal epithelial cells (CECs). Total RNA obtained from isolated mouse corneal epithelial cells of the control (cells scrapped off from the corneas without infection), Pseudomonas aeruginosa infected (6 h post infection) and flagellin pretreated (24 h), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection (6 h).
Project description:Toll-like receptor 5 is considered an attractive target for anticancer immunotherapy. TLR5 agonists, bacterial flagellin and engineered flagellin derivatives, have been shown to have potent anti-tumor and metastasis-suppressive effects in multiple animal models and to be safe in both animals and humans. Anticancer efficacy of TLR5 agonists stems from TLR5-dependent activation of NF-kB that mediates innate and adaptive anti-tumor immune responses. To extend application of TLR5-targeted anticancer immunotherapy to tumors that do not naturally express TLR5, we created an adenovirus-based vector for intratumor delivery, named Mobilan that drives expression of self-activating TLR5 signaling cassette comprising of human TLR5 and a secreted derivative of Salmonella flagellin structurally analogous to a clinical stage TLR5 agonist, entolimod. Co-expression of TLR5 receptor and agonist in Mobilan-infected cells established an autocrine/paracrine TLR5 signaling loop resulting in constitutive activation of NF-kB both in vitro and in vivo. Injection of Mobilan into primary tumors of the prostate cancer-prone TRAMP mice resulted in a strong induction of multiple genes involved in inflammatory responses and mobilization of innate immune cells into the tumors including neutrophils and NK cells and suppressed tumor progression. Intratumoral injection of Mobilan into subcutaneously-growing syngeneic prostate tumors in immunocompetent hosts improved animal survival after surgical resection of the tumors, by suppression of tumor metastasis. In addition, vaccination of mice with irradiated Mobilan-transduced prostate tumor cells protected mice against subsequent tumor challenge. These results provide proof-of-concept for Mobilan as a tool for antitumor vaccination that directs TLR5-mediated immune response towards cancer cells and does not require identification of tumor antigens.
Project description:Background: Cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (CAKI) has been recognized as one of the most serious side effects of cisplatin. Pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a ligand-dependent nuclear receptor and serves as a master regulator of xenobiotic detoxification. Increasing evidence also suggests PXR has many nonxenobiotic functions including the regulation of cell proliferation, inflammatory response and glucose and lipid metabolism. Methods: In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of PXR in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. CAKI model was performed in wild-type or PXR knockout mice. Pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile (PCN), a mouse PXR specific agonist, was used for PXR activation. The renal function, biochemical, histopathological and molecular alterations were examined in mouse blood, urine or renal tissues. Whole transcriptome analysis was performed by RNA sequencing. Dual-luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were applied to determine the regulation of PXR on its target genes. Results: We found that PXR activation significantly attenuated CAKI as reflected by improved renal function, reduced renal tubular apoptosis, ameliorated oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and suppressed inflammatory factor expression. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that the renoprotective effect of PXR was associated with multiple crucial signaling pathways. In particular, PXR protected against cisplatin-induced AKI by the activation of PI3K/AKT pathway and the induction of multidrug and toxin extrusion 1 (MATE1), an important transporter mediating cellular excretion of cisplatin, in the kidney. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that PXR activation can preserve renal function in cisplatin-induced AKI and suggest a possibility of PXR as a novel therapeutic target for cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.
Project description:Platinum-based drug cisplatin is a widely used first-line therapy for several cancers. Cisplatin interacts with DNA mainly in the form of Pt-d(GpG) di-adduct, which stalls cell proliferation and activates DNA damage response pathway. Cisplatin DNA-adducts are primarily repaired by nucleotide excision repair system. Despite cisplatin shows a broad spectrum of anticancer activity, it has limitation of use due to acquired drug resistance and toxicity to nontargeted tissues. By integrating genome-wide high-throughput “damage-seq”, “XR-seq”, mRNA-seq approaches along with epigenomic data we studied the mechanism of action of cisplatin across the mouse genome in kidney, liver, lung and spleen. Genome-wide damage-seq data reveal that kidney is highest cisplatin-damage accumulation site, while spleen is lowest. Excision repair on transcribed strand (TS) and non-transcribed strand (NTS) in active genes is in positive correlation with gene transcription, and regarding to nucleotide excision repair efficiency, there is no significant difference across organs. Lastly, in response to cisplatin treatment ATM signaling is upregulated in kidney, liver and lung, while PKA signaling is downregulated across all organs. The methodology and data we presented here include four different mouse organs and three “omics” data, it unbiasedly constitutes a foundation for understanding the mechanism of cellular respond to cisplatin and by means of improving chemotherapy while reducing side effect to normal tissues.