Project description:Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis) is one of the rarest endangered reptiles found in China and possesses strong immune potential. This study tested the antibacterial ability of Chinese alligator serum (CAS) against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and analyzed the underlying mechanisms. Results showed that the CAS had a marked antibacterial effect on K. pneumoniae, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa. However, S. aureus was only mildly affected, and this effect disappeared when incubated with Protease K. The serum proteome revealed that the antibacterial ability of CAS was produced by interactions between various proteins and that the complement proteins played a major antibacterial role. Furthermore, the prediction of the structure and function of complement component 3 revealed eight potential protein binding sites and one nucleic acid binding site that were likely related to the broad-spectrum antibacterial ability of this serum. This study provided evidence that CAS elicits significant antibacterial effects against some pathogens and provides the basis for further development of novel antibacterial drugs.
Project description:Many ectotherms hibernate in face of the harsh winter conditions to improve their survival rate. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this process remains unclear. Here, we collected the serum from Chinese alligtor in hinerntion season (winter) and active season (summer) and using TMT to identify seasonal differently expressed proteins in Chinese alligator.
Project description:Many ectotherms hibernate in face of the harsh winter conditions to improve their survival rate. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this process remains unclear. Here, we collected the serum from Chinese alligtor in hinerntion season (winter) and active season (summer) and using iTRAQ to identify seasonal differently expressed proteins in Chinese alligator.
Project description:Nest materials are a major heat source due to rotting promoted by microbial activity. Additionally, they are a potential microbial source given their direct contact with eggshells. Microbial dynamics during incubation have been studied in wild birds; however, similar studies in reptiles remain elusive. Here, the study characterized microbial communities in the nest materials of Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis) using high-throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes and fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequences. The results showed that significant changes in the diversity and structure of microbial communities according to different incubation periods. The diversity and richness of bacterial species increased significantly over time, but the relative abundance of the most dominant bacteria in pre-incubation period, including some pathogenic bacteria, declined after incubation. In contrast, fungal species diversity and richness decreased significantly with time. Additionally, nest material composition significantly influenced microbial community structure rather than species diversity and richness. Notably, the fungal community structure showed a stronger response than bacteria to nest material composition, which varied due to differences in plant litter composition. Our results demonstrate the significant response of microbial community diversity and structure to differences in incubation periods and nest material composition in reptiles. It is further emphasized that the importance of incubation period in the conservation of the Chinese alligator and could inform similar studies in other reptiles and birds.