Project description:Deer antlers are amazing natural appendages that grow faster than any other known mammalian bone. Antler growth occurs at the tip and is initially cartilage, which is later replaced by bone tissue. However, little is known regarding the precise role of cooperation between cell lineages and functional genes in regulating antler growth, and molecular mechanisms responsible for rapid growth remain elusive. In this study, we use an RNA-Seq approach to identify miRNA expression patterns during antler growth.
Project description:As the only regenerative organ of mammals, antler could grow rapidly without carcinogenesis. To understand the molecular mechanisms of the growth of sika deer antler, we used de novo RNA-seq analyses to determine the differential expression of unigenes and miRNAs from antler at 15, 60, 90, and 110-day. A total of 55004 unigenes, 208 known miRNAs and 38 novel miRNAs were identified. 10182 unigenes and 35 miRNAs were differentially expressed between 60-day and 15-day antler, 13258 unigenes and 53 miRNAs were differentially expressed between 90-day and 60-day antler, and 10740 unigenes and 27 miRNAs were differentially expressed between 110-day and 90-day antler. GO and KEGG analyses showed that DE unigenes and miRNA were mainly related to chondrogenesis, osteogenesis and inhibition of oncogenesis, that were closely associate with antler growth. We also constructed mRNA-mRNA and miRNA-mRNA interaction networks related to chondrogenesis, osteogenesis and inhibition of oncogenesis of antler. The results showed that mRNA (COL2A1, SOX9, WWP2, FGFR1, SPARC, LOX etc.) and miRNAs (miR-145, miR-199a-3p, miR-140, miR-199a-5p etc.) may play important roles in chondrogenesis and osteogenesis of antler, and mRNA (TP53, Tpm3 and ATP1A1 etc.) and miRNAs (miR-106a, miR-145, miR-1260b and miR-2898 etc.) may have key roles in inhibiting the carcinogenesis of antlers. In this study, we identified miRNAs and unigenes related to chondrogenesis, osteogenesis and inhibition of oncogenesis of antler. This will provide a reference for in-depth analysis of the molecular mechanism of antler growth without carcinogenesis, and also provide valuable information for cartilage- and bone-related disease treatment, cancer treatment.
Project description:As the only regenerative organ of mammals, antler could grow rapidly without carcinogenesis. To understand the molecular mechanisms of the growth of sika deer antler, we used de novo RNA-seq analyses to determine the differential expression of unigenes and miRNAs from antler at 15, 60, 90, and 110-day. A total of 55004 unigenes, 208 known miRNAs and 38 novel miRNAs were identified. 10182 unigenes and 35 miRNAs were differentially expressed between 60-day and 15-day antler, 13258 unigenes and 53 miRNAs were differentially expressed between 90-day and 60-day antler, and 10740 unigenes and 27 miRNAs were differentially expressed between 110-day and 90-day antler. GO and KEGG analyses showed that DE unigenes and miRNA were mainly related to chondrogenesis, osteogenesis and inhibition of oncogenesis, that were closely associate with antler growth. We also constructed mRNA-mRNA and miRNA-mRNA interaction networks related to chondrogenesis, osteogenesis and inhibition of oncogenesis of antler. The results showed that mRNA (COL2A1, SOX9, WWP2, FGFR1, SPARC, LOX etc.) and miRNAs (miR-145, miR-199a-3p, miR-140, miR-199a-5p etc.) may play important roles in chondrogenesis and osteogenesis of antler, and mRNA (TP53, Tpm3 and ATP1A1 etc.) and miRNAs (miR-106a, miR-145, miR-1260b and miR-2898 etc.) may have key roles in inhibiting the carcinogenesis of antlers. In this study, we identified miRNAs and unigenes related to chondrogenesis, osteogenesis and inhibition of oncogenesis of antler. This will provide a reference for in-depth analysis of the molecular mechanism of antler growth without carcinogenesis, and also provide valuable information for cartilage- and bone-related disease treatment, cancer treatment.
Project description:The velvet antler is a unique model for cancer and regeneration research due to its periodic re-generation and rapid growth. Antler growth is mainly triggered by the growth center located in its tip, which consists of velvet skin, mesenchyme and cartilage. Among them, cartilage accounts for most of the growth center. We performed an integrative analysis of the antler cartilage tran-scriptome and proteome at different antler growth stages. RNA-seq results revealed 24,778 uni-genes, 19,243 known protein-coding genes, and 5,535 new predicted genes. Of these, 2,722 were detected with differential expression patterns among 30 d, 60 d, and 90 d libraries, and 488 dif-ferentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened at 30 d vs. 60 d and 60 d vs. 90 d but not at 30 d vs. 90 d. Proteomic data identified 1,361 known proteins and 179 predicted novel proteins. Compar-ative analyses showed 382 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), of which 16 had differential expression levels at 30 d vs. 60 d and 60 d vs. 90 d but not at 30 d vs. 90 d. An integrated analysis conducted for DEGs and DEPs showed that gene13546 and its coding protein protein13546 anno-tated in the Wnt signaling pathway may possess important bio-logical functions in rapid antler growth. This study provides in-depth characterization of candidate genes and proteins, providing further insights into the molecular mechanisms controlling antler development.
Project description:We used label-free proteomics approach to analyze the protein expression dynamics of the antler tip in 6 developmental periods (15, 25, 45, 65, 100 and 130 days after the previous antler cast) and costal cartilage. the stages special proteins and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in different development stages were analyzed.
Project description:To elucidate the complex physiological process of the growth, development and immunity response of Sika Deer, this study evaluated the changes of miRNA profiles in the four developmental stages (juvenile, adolescence, adult and aged) of ten tissue (adrenal, antler, brain, heart, kidney, lung, liver, skeletal muscle, spleen and testes). The results showed that a total of 306 known miRNAs and 143 novel miRNAs were obtained. Many miRNAs displayed organ-specificity and age-specificity. The largest number of miRNAs were enriched in the brain, some of which were shared only between the brain and adrenal. These miRNAs were involved in maintaining specific functions within the brain and adrenal. Additionally, the adolescence-adult transition of Sika Deer was a crucial stage in its life cycle. In conclusion, our study provided abundant data support for the current research Sika Deer. It also contributes to understand the role of miRNAs play in regulating the growth, development and immunity response of Sika Deer.
Project description:The aim of the study is to characterize the gene expression of the growing antlers during their process of regeneration and fast growth Experiment Overall Design: Gene profiles of RNA samples from antler tip, base (pedicle) and frontal bone. Samples were harvested during spring, at the period of maximum antler growth (60 days after casting the previous antlers). And additional sample (DEER4) was harvested at the end of the growing season (90 days after the casting).