Project description:From a long time ago, supplementation of fermented enzyme foods could have worked health effects on the body in the east nevertheless, only a few studies reported functions of them such as weight loss and metabolic syndrome. Thus, it is necessary to be verified whether supplementation of fermented enzyme foods can act in the body as a functional material. Therefore, we investigated the anti-obesity effects of fermented mixed grain with digestive enzymes (FMG) in high-fat diet induced mice. Sixty C57BL/6J mice were divided into six dietary groups and fed a normal diet (ND), a high-fat diet (HFD), Bacilus Coagulans group, steamed grain group, low-dose fermented mixed grain group(L-FMG), high-dose fermented mixed grain group (H-FMG) supplement for 12 weeks. After sacrificing, body weight and body fat mass in H-FMG group were significantly decreased compared to HFD group with a simultaneous decrease in plasma lipids. Also, H-FMG significantly decreased the blood glucose and improved the glucose tolerance compared to HFD group. Moreover high-dose FMG supplementation dramatically decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines which secreted from adipocyte. Taken together, our findings suggest that H-FMG ameliorate high fat-diet induced obesity and its complication and could be used as a potential preventive agent for obesity.
Project description:The major side stream, brewer's spent grain (BSG), from beer production is valorized by solid-state fermentation using the edible filamentous fungi Rhizopus oryzae. A protein-rich product is made from this an its functionality a potential sustainable food ingredient is compared to an extract prepared from non-fermented BSG alongside raw BSG and raw fermented BSG. LC-MS/MS is used as a tool to perform detailed characterization of the protein composition of BSG and fermented BSG both prior and post extraction.
Project description:The increasing aquaculture production volumes have caused an escalating demand for alternative protein feed ingredients. Agro-industrial by-products such as sunflower meal are relatively abundant and cheap, but the inclusion levels are limited due to the presence of antinutritional factors and fiber. Solid state fermentation is a processing method with the aim of reducing the content of fiber and antinutritional factors and improving nutritional value in plant protein raw materials. In this study, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) at two commercial-like fish farms were fed diets containing 5% non-fermented sunflower meal (as a control diet) and two experimental diets with 5% or 10% fermented sunflower meal. The field trial lasted for eight and 11 months in a coastal and fjord location, respectively with the aim of comparing the effect of fermented diets on growth performance, gut microbiota, distal intestine histology and gene expression of Atlantic salmon under different environmental conditions. The findings revealed that diets with fermented sunflower meal sustained growth performance, improved intestinal health by reducing the prevalence of prominent inflammation and ectopic goblet cells and promoted gut lactic acid bacteria Lactiplantibacillus and Lactobaccilaceae after long-term feeding. Our results suggest that fermented sunflower meal is suitable as a protein source for Atlantic salmon when included at a level of up to 10% in the diet.
Project description:High temperature during grain filling increases rice grain chalkiness and deteriorates grain appearance under climate warming. Although several loci that reduce chalkiness have been identified, breeding strategies that integrate grain-level heat tolerance with panicle-level heat avoidance remain limited. Here we characterized SL2033, a chromosome segment substitution line carrying a long IR64-derived segment on chromosome 10, and evaluated the combination of the chromosome 10 segment with Appearance quality of brown rice 1 (Apq1), a quantitative trait locus associated with reduced heat-induced chalkiness that acts at the grain level. Compared with its recurrent parent Koshihikari, SL2033 had longer flag leaves, altered vertical plant architecture, and lower panicle temperature. Total starch and protein contents were comparable between the two genotypes, whereas RNA-seq analysis of the developing endosperm identified specific differences in heat-, stress-, and cell wall–related transcripts. In a two-year field trial, a pyramided line combining the SL2033-derived segment with Apq1 had the highest proportion of perfect grains and lowest frequencies of multiple chalky-kernel types during the year with hotter grain-filling conditions, with no detectable yield penalty. The pyramided line combined longer flag leaves, as in SL2033, with shorter panicle exsertion, as in an Apq1 near-isogenic line, and had the lowest panicle temperature among the tested genotypes. Time-series unmanned aerial vehicle imaging also detected genotype-dependent differences in plant height during early grain filling, supporting distinct temporal patterns of plant development among the lines. These findings demonstrate that pyramiding genetic loci that confer panicle-level and grain-level heat tolerance is a promising strategy for improving rice grain appearance under high-temperature field conditions, which are becoming increasingly prevalent.
Project description:Purpose:The purpose of this study is to explore the transcriptome analysis of the heterosis of the grain type and grain weight of the super rice WFYT025 hybrid combination at the grain filling stage.