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Spatial analysis of microglial and vascular responses following recurrent intranasal Group A Streptococcus infections

ABSTRACT: Spatial analysis of microglial and vascular responses following recurrent intranasal Group A Streptococcus infections

PROVIDER: PRJNA912763 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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Spatial analysis of microglial and vascular responses following recurrent intranasal Group A Streptococcus infections

Project description:Peripheral infections can result in neurocognitive changes in many contexts, including after recurrent Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections in children. To explore the underlying mechanisms, here we used an intranasal inoculation model to analyze nearly 200,000 cells from the mouse olfactory bulb (OB) by multiplexed error-robust fluorescent in situ hybridization (MERFISH). Upon repeated GAS inoculations, endothelial cells (ECs) responded by downregulating blood-brain barrier and extracellular matrix genes. Microglia upregulated response to interferon and antigen presentation genes and downregulated homeostatic microglia genes. We determined that microglia with higher expression of Streptococcus-responsive genes were localized to the outer glomerular layer of the OB, possibly due to their proximity to infiltrating CD4 T cells. Expression of homeostatic genes was correspondingly high in the inner granular layer of the OB.

2023-03-14 | GSE221106 | GEO

Effects of Th17 cytokines on microglial responses and the blood-brain barrier following recurrent intranasal Group A Streptococcus infections

Project description:Peripheral infections can result in neuropsychiatric changes in many contexts, including after recurrent Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections in children. To explore the underlying mechanisms, here we used an intranasal inoculation model to analyze more than 100,000 cells from the mouse olfactory bulb (OB) and nasal lymphoid tissue by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq). Upon repeated GAS inoculations, endothelial cells responded by downregulating blood-brain barrier (BBB)-specific genes, and microglia upregulated interferon-response, chemokine and antigen-presentation genes. To determine whether specific Th17 cytokines play distinct roles in producing this phenotype, we administered a neutralizing antibody against interleukin 17A (IL-17A), which decreased microglial expression of interferon-response and chemokine genes, but unexpectedly exacerbated levels of antigen presentation markers. Another Th17 cytokine, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) rescued a different subset of microglial transcripts.

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Effects of Th17 cytokines on microglial responses and the blood-brain barrier following recurrent intranasal Group A Streptococcus infections

Project description:Effects of Th17 cytokines on microglial responses and the blood-brain barrier following recurrent intranasal Group A Streptococcus infections

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Effects of Th17 cytokines on transcriptome of primary microglial cultures in vitro

Project description:Peripheral infections can result in neuropsychiatric changes in many contexts, including after recurrent Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections in children. In a mouse model of intranasal GAS inoculation, we have previously demonstrated in vivo that mice lacking Th17 cells, or the key Th17 cytokines interleukin 17A (IL-17A) or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), have altered microglial responses. As an attempt to determine whether these cytokines have direct effects on microglia, we cultured primary microglia and incubated them with either interferon gamma (IFNg), IL-17A or GM-CSF for 24 hours, then collected RNA for bulk sequencing. Microglia treated with IFNg or GM-CSF displayed striking transcriptional shifts, including upregulation of many inflammatory genes. IL-17A treatment did not have a noticeable effect on the microglial transcriptome, likely due to the in vitro absence of IL-17A receptors, which are expressed by microglia in vivo.

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Microglial activation protects from vascular degeneration in a rat model of inflammatory retinal vasoregression.

Project description:Microglial activation represents a hallmark of inflammatory retinal diseases like diabetic retinopathy. Anti-inflammatory and especially microglia modulating approaches have been proposed as therapies for these diseases. In this study, clodronate-coated liposomes were intravitreally injected to investigate the effects of increased microglial activation on vasoregression in a model of retinal degeneration. Clodronate-coated liposomes, injected twice over a period of 5 weeks to study the effects of long term clodronate treatment on microglial activation, vasoregression (acellular capillary formation and pericyte loss) and to identify the pathways mediating the observed effects.

2021-01-29 | GSE165743 | GEO

Analysis of Spatial Transcriptomics for Unveiling the novel molecular characteristics of Recurrent and Non-Recurrent High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer

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