Project description:The goals of this study are to compare the differentially expressed genes between testes and ovaries of zebrafish based on RNA-seq data and some of these genes were validated by qRT–PCR.Further, the differentially expressed genes were devided into up-regulated and down-regulated genes for GO and KEGG analysis.
Project description:We constructed four small RNA libraries from whole body of females, males (except ovaries and testes) and ovaries, testes of B. dorsalis for deep sequencing. The data analysis revealed 314 known and 221 novel miRNAs from these libraries. 14 female-biased and 12 male-biased miRNAs that may be involved in sexual differentiation were found by comparing the miRNA expression profiles in the four libraries.
Project description:Data from whole-body, head, thorax, abdomen, ovaries, testes and accessory glands was used to assess possible causes of a non-random distribution of sex-biased genes (sexually dimorphic expression). All samples were derived from virgin adult flies.
Project description:Purpose: Accurate identification of sex-biased genes requires precise measurement of gene expression levels in gonads. This study is designed to provide such data for various Drosophila species to enhance studies of sex-biased gene expression and evolution across the genus. Methods: Virgin flies were collected and aged 6-10 days before dissecting 2-3 replicates of testes or ovaries. Total RNA was extracted using the Arcturus® PicoPure® kit . Illumina® TruSeq® RNA library kits were used to poly-A+ select and reverse-transcribe mRNA, shear cDNA into ~120 bp fragments, and produce libraries for 1x50 bp sequencing on an Illumina GAIIx or HiSeq2000. Illumina®’s Real Time Analysis v1.13 module processed images, called bases, and provided base qualities. Reads were mapped to the current reference genomes using Bowtie v2.1.0 (Langmead and Salzberg, 2012, Nat Meth) with default settings. Differentially expressed genes were detected using Cufflinks v 2.1.0 (Trapnell et al., 2010, Nat Biotech; default settings) or edgeR (Robinson et al., 2010, Bioinformatics; full-quantile GC-content normalization and full-quantile between-sample normalization). Genes were called differentially expressed at a Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate of 0.01. Results: Thousands of male- and female-biased genes were detected for each species using both DE detection methods. These results provide a significant improvement in sensitivity of sex-biased gene detection relative to using whole-body RNA-sequencing data. These data provide a foundation for accurate identification of sex-biased genes throughout the Drosophila genus.
Project description:Purpose: Accurate identification of sex-biased genes requires precise measurement of gene expression levels in gonads. This study is designed to provide such data for various Drosophila species to enhance studies of sex-biased gene expression and evolution across the genus. Methods: Virgin flies were collected and aged 6-10 days before dissecting 2-3 replicates of testes or ovaries. Total RNA was extracted using the Arcturus® PicoPure® kit . Illumina® TruSeq® RNA library kits were used to poly-A+ select and reverse-transcribe mRNA, shear cDNA into ~120 bp fragments, and produce libraries for 1x50 bp sequencing on an Illumina GAIIx or HiSeq2000. Illumina®’s Real Time Analysis v1.13 module processed images, called bases, and provided base qualities. Reads were mapped to the current reference genomes using Bowtie v2.1.0 (Langmead and Salzberg, 2012, Nat Meth) with default settings. Differentially expressed genes were detected using Cufflinks v 2.1.0 (Trapnell et al., 2010, Nat Biotech; default settings) or edgeR (Robinson et al., 2010, Bioinformatics; full-quantile GC-content normalization and full-quantile between-sample normalization). Genes were called differentially expressed at a Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate of 0.01. Results: Thousands of male- and female-biased genes were detected for each species using both DE detection methods. These results provide a significant improvement in sensitivity of sex-biased gene detection relative to using whole-body RNA-sequencing data. These data provide a foundation for accurate identification of sex-biased genes throughout the Drosophila genus. Testis and ovary samples from Drosophila species were sequenced 1 x 50 bp in duplicate from 6-10 day old virgin, Wolbachia-free adult flies on an Illumina GAIIx or HiSeq2000.
Project description:A microarray study of sex- and gonad-biased gene expression was conducted to determine whether zebrafish demonstrate male-specific patterns consistent with those observed in other animals. We identified a large number of genes (5899) demonstrating statistical differences in transcript abundance between male and female Danio rerio. All sex-biases in gene expression were due to differences between testis and ovary, although differences between male and female body likely went undetected due to constraints imposed by study design and statistical criteria. Male-enriched genes were more abundant than female-enriched genes, and the magnitude of expression bias for male-enriched genes was greater than that for female-enriched genes. We also identified a large number of candidate reproductive genes based on elevated transcript abundance in testes and ovaries, relative to male body and female body, respectively. Gene expression patterns in adult zebrafish from this study are consistent with the male-biased patterns typical of most animal taxa studied to date. Recent zebrafish studies designed to address more specific questions have not reported the same findings, but major methodological and analytical differences across these studies could explain discrepancies.
Project description:To confirm that female-to-male sexual fate reversal in Smad4flox/floxMerCreMer Stra8−/− ovaries occurs independently of somatic environment. We analyzed transcriptome of samples using RNA from control testes, ovaries, Smad4flox/floxMerCreMer Stra8+/− and Smad4flox/floxMerCreMer Stra8−/− ovaries.
Project description:Investigatation into how genes with sex-differential expression profiles are distributed among the chromosomes in Drosophila. Assayed the expression of 14,142 predicted transcripts in competitive hybridizations and found a dramatic underrepresentation of X-chromosome genes showing high relative expression in male. This is the first report of sex-biased expression of the full (predicted) genome. Findings indicate that there is significant sex-biased expression, especially in gonads. Genes showing sex-biased gene expression profiles are likely to have sex-biased functions. Keywords: other
Project description:Data from whole-body, head, thorax, abdomen, ovaries, testes and accessory glands was used to assess possible causes of a non-random distribution of sex-biased genes (sexually dimorphic expression). All samples were derived from virgin adult flies. We measured gene expression of male and female Drosophila serrata from 43 lines (whole-body) and multiple tissues sampled from outbred laboratory stock. All flies were originally samples from Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Data from two replicates for each sex/line are presented, plus 3-5 replicates per sex/tissue. 24 adult whole-body samples were not used in analyses due to poor quality, giving a total of 176 arrays.
Project description:Sexual dimorphism depends on sex-biased gene expression, but the contributions of microRNAs (miRNAs) have not been globally assessed. We therefore produced an extensive small RNA sequencing dataset to analyse male and female miRNA expression profiles in mouse, opossum and chicken. Our analyses uncovered numerous cases of somatic sex-biased miRNA expression, especially in the mouse heart and liver. Sex-biased expression is explained by miRNA-specific regulation, including sex-biased chromatin accessibility at promoters, rather than piggybacking of intronic miRNAs on sex-biased protein-coding genes. In mouse, but not opossum and chicken, sex bias is coordinated across tissues such that autosomal testis-biased miRNAs tend to be somatically male-biased, whereas autosomal ovary-biased miRNAs are female-biased, possibly due to broad hormonal control. In chicken, which has a Z/W sex chromosome system, expression output of genes on the Z chromosome is expected to be male-biased, since there is no global dosage compensation mechanism that restores expression in ZW females after almost all genes on the W chromosome decayed. Nevertheless, we found that the dominant liver miRNA, miR-122-5p, is Z-linked but expressed in an unbiased manner, due to the unusual retention of a W-linked copy. Another Z-linked miRNA, the male-biased miR-2954-3p, shows conserved preference for dosage-sensitive genes on the Z chromosome, based on computational and experimental data from chicken and zebra finch, and acts to equalise male-to-female expression ratios of its targets. Unexpectedly, our findings thus establish miRNA regulation as a novel gene-specific dosage compensation mechanism.