Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA956507 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Fire is a crucial event regulating the structure and functioning of many ecosystems. Yet few studies focused on how fire affects both the taxonomic and functional diversity of soil microbial communities, along with plant diversity and soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics. Here, we analyze these effects for a grassland ecosystem 9-months after an experimental fire at the Jasper Ridge Global Change Experiment (JRGCE) site in California, USA. Fire altered soil microbial communities considerably, with community assembly process analysis indicating that environmental selection pressure was higher in burned sites. However, a small subset of highly connected taxa were able to withstand the disturbance. In addition, fire decreased the relative abundances of most genes associated with C degradation and N cycling, implicating a slow-down of microbial processes linked to soil C and N dynamics. In contrast, fire stimulated plant growth, likely enhancing plant-microbe competition for soil inorganic N. To synthesize our findings, we performed structural equation modeling, which showed that plants but not microbial communities were responsible for the significantly higher soil respiration rates in burned sites. In conclusion, fire is well-documented to considerable alter the taxonomic and functional composition of soil microorganisms, along with the ecosystem functioning, thus arousing feedback of ecosystem responses to affect global climate.
2022-02-19 | GSE126737 | GEO
Project description:Fire disturbances are becoming more common, more intense, and further-reaching across the globe, with consequences for ecosystem functioning. Importantly, fire can have strong effects on the soil microbiome, including community and functional changes after fire, but surprisingly little is known regarding the role of soil fire legacy in shaping responses to recent fire. To address this gap, we conducted a manipulative field experiment administering fire across 32 soils with varying fire legacies, including combinations of 1-7 historic fires and 1-33 years since most recent fire. We analyzed soil metatranscriptomes, determining for the first time how fire and fire legacy interactively affect metabolically-active soil taxa, the microbial regulation of important carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycling, expression of carbohydrate-cycling enzyme pathways, and functional gene co-expression networks. Experimental fire strongly downregulated fungal activity while upregulating many bacterial and archaeal phyla. Further, fire decreased soil capacity for microbial C and N cycling and P transport, and drastically rewired functional gene co-expression. Perhaps most importantly, we highlight a novel role of soil fire legacy in regulation of microbial C, N, and P responses to recent fire. We observed a greater number of functional genes responsive to the interactive effects of fire and fire legacy than those affected solely by recent fire, indicating that many functional genes respond to fire only under certain fire legacy contexts. Therefore, without incorporating fire legacy of soils, studies will miss important ways that fire shapes microbial roles in ecosystem functioning. Finally, we showed that fire caused significant downregulation of carbon metabolism and nutrient cycling genes in microbiomes under abnormal soil fire histories, producing a novel warning for the future: human manipulation of fire legacies, either indirectly through global change-induced fire intensification or directly through fire suppression, can negatively impact soil microbiome functional responses to new fires.
2024-08-12 | GSE274211 | GEO
Project description:Fire effects on bacterial and archaeal communities
| PRJEB13469 | ENA
Project description:Nitrogen (N) fertilisers are routinely applied to bananas (Musa spp.) to increase production, but may exacerbate important disease such as Fusarium wilt of banana (FWB). Here, we characterised the effects of N rate and form (ammonium or nitrate) on FWB severity, the banana root proteome, and the diversity of rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities. Banana plants (Musa ABB) were grown under greenhouse conditions in soil with ammonium or nitrate supplemented at five N rates, and with or without inoculation with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc). The growth of non-inoculated plants was positively correlated with N rate. In bananas inoculated with Foc, disease severity increased with N rate, resulting in Foc-inoculated plant growth being greatest at intermediate N rates. The abundance of Foc was weakly related to the treatment conditions and was a poor predictor of disease severity. Fungal diversity was consistently affected by Foc inoculation, while bacterial diversity was associated with changes in soil pH resulting from N addition, in particular ammonium. N rate altered the expression of host metabolic pathways associated with carbon fixation, energy usage, amino acid metabolism, and importantly stress response signalling, irrespective of inoculation or N form. Furthermore, in diseased plants, Pathogenesis-related protein 1, a key endpoint for biotic stress response and the salicylic acid defence response to biotrophic pathogens, was negatively correlated with the rate of ammonium fertiliser but not nitrate. As expected, inoculation with Foc altered the expression of a wide range of processes in the banana plant including those of defence and growth. In summary, our results indicate that the severity of FWB was negatively associated with host defences, which were influenced by N application (particularly ammonium), and shifts in microbial communities in response to ammonium-induced acidification.
2022-04-18 | MSV000089270 | MassIVE