ABSTRACT: Colonisation of extended spectrum b-lactamase and carbapenemase-producing bacteria on hospital surfaces from low- and middle-income countries
Project description:Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) is a major cause of moderate to severe diarrhoea in low-middle income countries (LMICs) and affects mostly children and travelers to endemic regions. ETEC are highly diverse pathovar with over 25 colonisation factors (fimbriae) described. The development of a broadly protective vaccine to cover most of the ETEC variants is critical for disease control. This study evaluated whether vaccination with ETVAX®; the most clinically advanced ETEC vaccine candidate results in IgG responses that cross-react with other ETEC antigens/ colonisation factors not overexpressed in the vaccine. A proteome microarray was used to assess IgG responses before and after vaccination to gain insight in the antigenic composition of ETEC that children in Zambia are exposed to and to see whether ETVAX® provides a level of cross-protection against antigens not expressed in the vaccine. The study shows that ETVAX® containing CFA/1, elicits antibodies that cross-react with other class 5 fimbriae and has the potential to offer broad protection. We also see that other antigens apart from classical antigens are immunodominant and possibly play a role in ETEC pathogenesis and may need to be investigated for their role in protection
Project description:Enterotoxigeneic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a leading cause of diarrhoeal infections in young children living in endemic regions in low and middle-income countries and adults travelling to these destinations. CFA/I fimbriae have been identified as the predominant colonisation factor associated with human ETEC infections. Here we used used Transposon-directed insertion-site sequencing (TraDIS) and transcriptomic analysis to identify the essential genome of the prototypical CFA/I expressing ETEC strain H10407 and uncover the survival mechanisms that enhance persistence of ETEC isolates in water and within mammalian hosts. RNA transcription profiles of H10407 were identified under different in vitro growth conditions including aerobic growth in neutral LB media (pH7); aerobic growth in acidic media (pH5); aerobic growth in alkaline media (pH9); anaerobic growth in neutral LB media (pH7); and survival in fresh water. Research work including RNA preparation and bioinformatics and statistical analyses were conducted at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (WTSI) and the Westmead Institute for Medical Research (WIMR), the University of Sydney. The sequencing data was generated in the Bioscience Core Laboratory at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST).
Project description:Colorectal cancer is among the most common types of cancer worldwide. Population-based screening programs for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer have been introduced as part of cancer control in many high-income countries. Population-based cancer screening programs do not exist in most low- and middle-income countries. There are some studies that report the awareness of colorectal cancer in Turkey.
