Intestinal gene expression in 10-day Giardia duodenalis GS infected mice
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
SUBMITTER: Steven Singer
PROVIDER: E-GEOD-23372 | biostudies-arrayexpress |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress
Similar Datasets
Project description:C57BL/6 mice were infected with the GS strain of G. duodenalis and total RNA prepared from the duodenum on day 10. Age matched controls were compared using Affy chips to determine changes in gene expression induced by infection. The majority of induced transcripts are invlved in antibody production. Genes exhibiting the greatest increase in expression are all mast cell transcripts.
2013-10-21 | GSE23372 | GEO
Project description:Giardia intestinalis strain:GS Genome sequencing and assembly
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Project description:To elucidate IL-17A-dependent immune mechanims involved in regulating host defense, we employed whole genome microarray expression profiling as a discovery platform to identify genes with the potential of regulating protective immunity that failed to be upregulated in the absence of IL-17RA signaling. Whole small intestine tissue collected from IL-17RA-deficient and C57BL/6 (wild-type) mice was collected 2 weeks after Giardia muris infection and from uninfected controls. Expression levels of several genes that may have anti-parasitic potential (Defb1, Retnlb, Saa1, Saa2) and may be involved in parasite clearance were, on average, lower or unchanged in IL-17RA deficient compared to wild-type mice after infection. Two weeks after Giardia muris challenge, total RNA was extracted and analyzed from tissue of the small intestines of infected IL-17RA-deficient and wild-type mice, and compared to uninfected controls. Each sample contained equal amounts of total RNA from 6 female mice which were pooled and used in the experiment.
2015-05-15 | E-GEOD-68868 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:This experiment aimed to see the effects of Giardia Intestinalis on the small intestine of mice. The metabolites of the proximal and distal ends of the small intestine of healthy mice were compared to those of mice who had been infected with Giardia intestinalis for 7 days.
2015-02-23 | ST000332 | MetabolomicsWorkbench
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2014-02-03 | E-GEOD-39591 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Ovariectomized virgin Ccnd1-/- and Ccnd1+/+ mice (5 weeks of age) were allowed to recuperate for 2 weeks. The mice were assigned to either replacement pellets containing E2 (0.75 mg, 60-day release) or pellet containing placebo. Mice were sacrificed at day 7 after pellet implantation. RNA extracted from mammary glands (3 each group) was labeled and used to probe Affymetrix 430_2.0 arrays. Six separate control Ccnd1+/+ C57BL/6 were compared to six Ccnd1-/- C57BL/6 mice. 3 mice in each group treated with placebo and three mice treated with E2
2013-07-16 | E-GEOD-48884 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Sarm-deficient mice are protected from VSV encephalitis and death. Microarray was done to examine genes contributing to this phenotype WT and KO mice were infected with VSV and brains were harvested at day 5 post-infection for RNA extraction
2013-04-04 | E-GEOD-44331 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Giardia intestinalis is a parasitic protist that causes diarrhea in humans, affecting mainly children of the developing world, elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Humans are infected by two major Giardia assemblages (i.e. genetic subtypes), A and B, with the latter being the most common. So far, there is little information on molecular or cellular changes during infections with assemblage B. Here, we used RNA sequencing to study transcriptional changes in Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) co-incubated with assemblage B (GS isolate) trophozoites for 1.5, 3, and 4.5 h. We aimed to identify early molecular events associated with the establishment of infection and followed cellular protein changes up to 10 h. IEC transcriptomes showed a dominance of immediate early response genes which was sustained across all time points. Transcription of inflammatory cytokines (e.g., cxcl1-3, ccl2, 1l1a, and il1b) peaked at 1.5 and 3 h of infection. Compared to co-incubation with assemblage A Giardia, we identified the induction of novel cytokines (cxcl8, cxcl10, csf1, cx3cl1, il12a, il11) and showed that inflammatory signaling is mediated by Erk1/2 phosphorylation (mitogen activated protein kinase, MAPK), nuclear factor kappa B (NF?B) and adaptor protein-1 (AP-1). We also showed that GS trophozoites attenuate P38 (MAPK) phosphorylation in IECs. Low amounts of IL-8, CXCL1 and CCL20 proteins were measured in the interaction medium, which was attributed to cytokine degradation by trophozoite secreted proteases. Based on the transcriptome, the decay of cytokines mRNA mediated by zinc finger protein 36 might be another mechanism controlling cytokine levels at later time points. IEC transcriptomes suggested homeostatic responses to counter oxidative stress, glucose starvation, and disturbances in amino acid and lipid metabolism. A large group of differentially transcribed genes were associated with cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis, which was validated at protein level. IEC transcriptomes also suggested changes in tight junction's integrity, microvilli structure and the extracellular mucin layer. This is the first study to illuminate transcriptional and protein regulatory events underlying IECs responses and pathogenesis during Giardia assemblage B infection. It highlights differences compared to assemblage A infections which might account for the differences observed in human infections with the two assemblages.
| S-EPMC6055019 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Giardia intestinalis is a major cause of diarrheal disease worldwide and two major Giardia genotypes, assemblages A and B, infect humans. The genome of assemblage A parasite WB was recently sequenced, and the structurally compact 11.7 Mbp genome contains simplified basic cellular machineries and metabolism. We here performed 454 sequencing to 16x coverage of the assemblage B isolate GS, the only Giardia isolate successfully used to experimentally infect animals and humans. The two genomes show 77% nucleotide and 78% amino-acid identity in protein coding regions. Comparative analysis identified 28 unique GS and 3 unique WB protein coding genes, and the variable surface protein (VSP) repertoires of the two isolates are completely different. The promoters of several enzymes involved in the synthesis of the cyst-wall lack binding sites for encystation-specific transcription factors in GS. Several synteny-breaks were detected and verified. The tetraploid GS genome shows higher levels of overall allelic sequence polymorphism (0.5 versus <0.01% in WB). The genomic differences between WB and GS may explain some of the observed biological and clinical differences between the two isolates, and it suggests that assemblage A and B Giardia can be two different species.
| S-EPMC2723961 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Giardia lamblia infections are associated with antigenic variation of the parasite, which is generated by a continuous change of the variant-specific surface proteins (VSPs). Many investigations on the process of antigenic variation were based on the use of G. lamblia clone GS/M-83-H7, which expresses VSP H7 as its major surface antigen. In the present study, mice were infected with the aforementioned clonal line to investigate vsp gene expression during the complex process of antigenic variation of the parasite. Trophozoites collected from the intestines of individual animals at different time points postinfection (p.i.) were analyzed directly for their vsp gene expression patterns, i.e., without cultivating the recovered parasites in vitro. Because few trophozoites were recovered at late time points p.i., a combined 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends-reverse transcription-PCR approach was utilized. This allowed detection and subsequent sequence analysis of vsp gene transcripts upon generation of amplified cDNA analogues. The same PCR approach was applied for analysis of vsp gene expression in variants obtained after negative selection of axenic GS/M-83-H7 trophozoites by treatment with a cytotoxic, VSP H7-specific monoclonal antibody. In an overall view of the entire panel of in vivo- and in vitro-derived parasite populations, expression of 29 different vsp gene sequences could be demonstrated. In vivo antigenic variation of G. lamblia clone GS/M-83-H7 was shown to be a continuous process involving the consecutive appearance of relatively distinct sets of vsp transcripts. During the 42-day infection period investigated, this process activated at least 22 different vsp genes. Comparative molecular analyses of the amino acid level demonstrated that all cDNA segments identified encode structural elements typical of the terminal segment of Giardia VSP. The similarity of most of the GS/M-83-H7 VSP sequences identified in the present study supports previous suggestions that vsp gene diversification in G. lamblia is the result of ancestral gene duplication, mutation, and/or recombination events.
| S-EPMC98636 | biostudies-literature