Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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Combinatorial binding of transcription factors in the pluripotency control regions of the genome

ABSTRACT: The pluripotency control regions (PluCRs) are defined as genomic regions that are bound by Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog in vivo. We utilized a high-throughput binding assay to record more than 270,000 different DNA/protein binding measurements along incrementally tiled windows of DNA within these PluCRs. This high-resolution binding map is then used to systematically define the context of Oct factor binding and reveals patterns of cooperativity and competition in the pluripotency network. The most prominent pattern is a pervasive binding competition between Oct4 and the forkhead transcription factors. Like many transcription factors, Oct4 is co-expressed with a paralog, Oct1, that shares an apparently identical binding specificity. By analyzing thousands of binding measurements we discover context effects that discriminate Oct1 from Oct4 binding. Proximal Nanog binding promotes Oct4 binding, whereas nearby Sox2 binding favors Oct1. We demonstrate by cross-species comparison and by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) that the contextual sequence determinants learned in vitro are sufficient to predict Oct1 binding in vivo. An oligonucleotide pool that tiles through 316 PluCR regions ( a region of simulataneous in vivo Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog ChIP enrichement in human ES cells - Boyer et al. 2005) was incubated in embryonic stem cell extract. Complexes were allowed to form and oligonucletide:protein complexes were immunoprecipitated with one of four antidodies (against Oct4 , Sox2, Nanog, Oct1). The enrichment of oligonucleotides in co-precipitate was analyzed by two color (Cy3/Cy5) microarray strategy using an Agilent custom oligonucleotide array. MEGAshift (microarray evaluation of genomic aptamers by shift) binding assay protocol based on Tantin et. Al, 2008 and Reid et. Al, 2009. There are two internal technical replicates.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

SUBMITTER: William Fairbrother

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-27535 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Project description:Chickarmane2006 - Stem cell switch irreversible Kinetic modeling approach of the transcriptional dynamics of the embryonic stem cell switch. This model is described in the article: Transcriptional dynamics of the embryonic stem cell switch. Chickarmane V, Troein C, Nuber UA, Sauro HM, Peterson C PLoS Computational Biology. 2006; 2(9):e123 Abstract: Recent ChIP experiments of human and mouse embryonic stem cells have elucidated the architecture of the transcriptional regulatory circuitry responsible for cell determination, which involves the transcription factors OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG. In addition to regulating each other through feedback loops, these genes also regulate downstream target genes involved in the maintenance and differentiation of embryonic stem cells. A search for the OCT4-SOX2-NANOG network motif in other species reveals that it is unique to mammals. With a kinetic modeling approach, we ascribe function to the observed OCT4-SOX2-NANOG network by making plausible assumptions about the interactions between the transcription factors at the gene promoter binding sites and RNA polymerase (RNAP), at each of the three genes as well as at the target genes. We identify a bistable switch in the network, which arises due to several positive feedback loops, and is switched on/off by input environmental signals. The switch stabilizes the expression levels of the three genes, and through their regulatory roles on the downstream target genes, leads to a binary decision: when OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG are expressed and the switch is on, the self-renewal genes are on and the differentiation genes are off. The opposite holds when the switch is off. The model is extremely robust to parameter changes. In addition to providing a self-consistent picture of the transcriptional circuit, the model generates several predictions. Increasing the binding strength of NANOG to OCT4 and SOX2, or increasing its basal transcriptional rate, leads to an irreversible bistable switch: the switch remains on even when the activating signal is removed. Hence, the stem cell can be manipulated to be self-renewing without the requirement of input signals. We also suggest tests that could discriminate between a variety of feedforward regulation architectures of the target genes by OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG. This model is hosted on BioModels Database and identified by: MODEL7957942740 . To cite BioModels Database, please use: BioModels Database: An enhanced, curated and annotated resource for published quantitative kinetic models . To the extent possible under law, all copyright and related or neighbouring rights to this encoded model have been dedicated to the public domain worldwide. Please refer to CC0 Public Domain Dedication for more information.

Project description:Chickarmane2006 - Stem cell switch reversible Kinetic modeling approach of the transcriptional dynamics of the embryonic stem cell switch. This model is described in the article: Transcriptional dynamics of the embryonic stem cell switch. Chickarmane V, Troein C, Nuber UA, Sauro HM, Peterson C PLoS Computational Biology. 2006; 2(9):e123 Abstract: Recent ChIP experiments of human and mouse embryonic stem cells have elucidated the architecture of the transcriptional regulatory circuitry responsible for cell determination, which involves the transcription factors OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG. In addition to regulating each other through feedback loops, these genes also regulate downstream target genes involved in the maintenance and differentiation of embryonic stem cells. A search for the OCT4-SOX2-NANOG network motif in other species reveals that it is unique to mammals. With a kinetic modeling approach, we ascribe function to the observed OCT4-SOX2-NANOG network by making plausible assumptions about the interactions between the transcription factors at the gene promoter binding sites and RNA polymerase (RNAP), at each of the three genes as well as at the target genes. We identify a bistable switch in the network, which arises due to several positive feedback loops, and is switched on/off by input environmental signals. The switch stabilizes the expression levels of the three genes, and through their regulatory roles on the downstream target genes, leads to a binary decision: when OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG are expressed and the switch is on, the self-renewal genes are on and the differentiation genes are off. The opposite holds when the switch is off. The model is extremely robust to parameter changes. In addition to providing a self-consistent picture of the transcriptional circuit, the model generates several predictions. Increasing the binding strength of NANOG to OCT4 and SOX2, or increasing its basal transcriptional rate, leads to an irreversible bistable switch: the switch remains on even when the activating signal is removed. Hence, the stem cell can be manipulated to be self-renewing without the requirement of input signals. We also suggest tests that could discriminate between a variety of feedforward regulation architectures of the target genes by OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG. This model is hosted on BioModels Database and identified by: MODEL7957907314 . To cite BioModels Database, please use: BioModels Database: An enhanced, curated and annotated resource for published quantitative kinetic models . To the extent possible under law, all copyright and related or neighbouring rights to this encoded model have been dedicated to the public domain worldwide. Please refer to CC0 Public Domain Dedication for more information.

Project description:Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are commonly generated by transduction of Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and Myc (OSKM) into somatic cells. Though iPSCs are pluripotent, they frequently exhibit high variation in their quality as measured by chimera contribution and tetraploid (4n) complementation. Thus, improving the quality of iPSCs is an indispensable prerequisite for future iPSC-based therapy. Here we show that one major determinant for iPSCs quality is the combination of reprograming factor selected. Ectopic expression of Sall4, Nanog, Esrrb and Lin28 (SNEL) in MEFs efficiently generated high quality iPSCs as compared to other combinations of factors. SNEL-iPSCs produced approximately 5 times more efficiently “all-iPSC” mice compared to OSKM-iPSCs. While differentially methylated regions, transcript number of master regulators, establishment of ESC-specific super enhancers, and global aneuploidy were comparable between the lines, aberrant expression of 1,765 genes, trisomy of chromosome 8 and abnormal H2A.X deposition were frequently observed in poor quality OSK-iPSCs and OSKM-iPSCs. Whole-genome single-base resolution MethylC sequencing collected from a variety of Mouse pluripotent cells To reveal the DNA methylation signature associated with developmental competence, we selected the following groups of iPSC lines for whole-genome bisulfite sequencing: i) "Poor quality" iPSCs: This group included the three OSKM-iPSC lines Nanog-GFP OSKM#2, Oct4-GFP OSKM#2 and KH2 OSKM(Stadtfeld et al., 2010), that either did not produce fully developed pups or produced very low number of pups; ii) "Good quality" iPSCs: This group included BC_2 OSKM (Carey et al., 2011) and Nanog-GFP SNEL#3, both of which gave rise to live, normal pups that survived only few hours; iii) "High quality" iPSCs consisting of Nanog-GFP SNEL#2 and Oct4-GFP SNEL#1, both of which generated live pups that survived postnatally (representative pups from each iPSC group are shown in Figure S3A). iv) As controls we used Nanog-GFP, Oct4-GFP and KH2 (Beard et al., 2006) ESCs. Note that all cells were cultured in 2i medium but not in mES medium.

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Combinatorial binding of transcription factors in the pluripotency control regions of the genome

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