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Galectin-3 regulates the expression of various genes in human gastric cancer cells

ABSTRACT: Although galectin-3 is known to modulate the cell proliferation, RNA processing, tumorigenesis, metastasis and apoptosis and also, which is highly expressed in human cancers, the function of galectin-3 is still controversy in gastric cancer. Here, we demonstrated the function of galectin-3 on gastric cancers by silencing with synthetic double-stranded small interfering RNA (siRNA). After silencing of galectin-3, cell numbers decreased and cell shapes changed in round. To determine the mechanism, microarray analysis was used to detect the changes in gene expression by galectin-3 silencing. we silenced galectin-3 in AGS as a gastric cancer cells with synthetic double-stranded small interfering RNA (siRNA), and performed the microarray analysis to detect the changes in gene expression by galectin-3 silencing.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

SUBMITTER: Kyung-Hee Chun

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-29630 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Galectin-3 facilitates cell motility in gastric cancer by up-regulating protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1).

Kim Seok-Jun SJ Shin Ji-Young JY Lee Kang-Duck KD Bae Young-Ki YK Choi Il-Ju IJ Park Seok Hee SH Chun Kyung-Hee KH

PloS one 20110922 9

<h4>Background</h4>Galectin-3 is known to regulate cancer metastasis. However, the underlying mechanism has not been defined. Through the DNA microarray studies after galectin-3 silencing, we demonstrated here that galectin-3 plays a key role in up-regulating the expressions of protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) PAR-1 thereby promoting gastric cancer metastasis.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>We examined the expression levels of Galectin-3, PAR-1, ...[more]

PMID: 21966428

Publication: 1/2

Similar Datasets

Galectin-3 regulates the expression of various genes in human gastric cancer cells

Project description:Although galectin-3 is known to modulate the cell proliferation, RNA processing, tumorigenesis, metastasis and apoptosis and also, which is highly expressed in human cancers, the function of galectin-3 is still controversy in gastric cancer. Here, we demonstrated the function of galectin-3 on gastric cancers by silencing with synthetic double-stranded small interfering RNA (siRNA). After silencing of galectin-3, cell numbers decreased and cell shapes changed in round. To determine the mechanism, microarray analysis was used to detect the changes in gene expression by galectin-3 silencing.

2011-05-31 | GSE29630 | GEO

Genomewide view of gene silencing by small interfering RNAs

Project description:RNA interference (RNAi) is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism in plant and animal cells that directs the degradation of messenger RNAs homologous to short double-stranded RNAs termed small interfering RNA (siRNA). The ability of siRNA to direct gene silencing in mammalian cells has raised the possibility that siRNA might be used to investigate gene function in a high throughput fashion or to modulate gene expression in human diseases. The specificity of siRNA-mediated silencing, a critical consideration in these applications, has not been addressed on a genomewide scale. Here we show that siRNA-induced gene silencing of transient or stably expressed mRNA is highly gene-specific and does not produce secondary effects detectable by genomewide expression profiling. A test for transitive RNAi, extension of the RNAi effect to sequences 5' of the target region that has been observed in Caenorhabditis elegans, was unable to detect this phenomenon in human cells. Set of arrays organized by shared biological context, such as organism, tumors types, processes, etc. Computed

2005-12-14 | E-GEOD-3825 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Genomewide view of gene silencing by small interfering RNAs

2005-12-15 | GSE3825 | GEO

A small RNA mechanism distinct from the RNAi and microRNA pathways silences selfish genetic elements in Drosophila.

Project description:In flies, repeat-associated small interfering RNAs (rasiRNAs) ensure genomic stability by silencing endogenous selfish genetic elements such as retrotransposons and repetitive sequences. Here, we show that while small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) derive from both the sense and antisense strands of their double-stranded RNA precursors, rasiRNAs arise mainly from the antisense strand. rasiRNA production appear not to require Dicer-1, which makes microRNAs, or Dicer-2, which makes siRNAs, and rasiRNAs lack the 2´,3´ hydroxy termini characteristic of animal siRNA and miRNA. Unlike siRNAs and miRNAs, rasiRNAs function through the Piwi, rather than the Ago, Argonaute protein subfamily. Thus, rasiRNAs define a third RNA silencing pathway distinct from both the miRNA and RNAi pathways. Keywords: gene silencing; post-transcriptional gene regulation; short RNAs; RNAi; rasiRNAs; rasiRNA; microRNAs; microRNA; siRNAs; siRNA

2006-06-30 | GSE4932 | GEO

Principles Governing Dicer-2 Substrate Selection are Revealed by Characterizing the RNAi Response to Virus Infection and Exogenous dsRNA

Project description:Background: RNA silencing pathways play critical roles in gene regulation, virus infection, and transposon control. RNA interference (RNAi) is mediated by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), which are liberated from double stranded (ds) RNA precursors by Dicer and direct the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) to target transcripts. Recent efforts have uncovered important principles governing small RNA (smRNA) sorting into RISC, yet mechanisms defining substrate selection by Dicer proteins remain uncharacterized. Methodology: To better characterize Dicer-2 substrates in Drosophila, we examined the antiviral RNAi response, which generates virus-derived siRNAs from viral RNA. Using high-throughput sequencing, we found that diverse viruses were uniquely targeted; substrates included dsRNA replication intermediates and intramolecular RNA stem loops. smRNA distribution patterns from viral and synthetic dsRNA precursors were highly reproducible, and machine learning techniques identified characteristics of precursor molecules and smRNA duplexes important in determining relative smRNA abundance. Significance: To our knowledge, this study provides the first description of the rules governing Dicer-2 substrate selection, which has important implications for exogenous RNA silencing technologies and the development of smRNA-based antiviral therapeutics. virus-derived siRNA (vsiRNA) expression comparison between control and 4 different virus-infected cells in control as well as 5 different RNAi pathway protein knock-downs in Drosophila dl1 cells

2013-01-31 | E-GEOD-28957 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Strand-specific 5'-O-methylation of siRNA duplexes controls guide strand selection and targeting specificity.

Project description:Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) guide catalytic sequence-specific cleavage of fully or nearly fully complementary target mRNAs or control translation and/or stability of many mRNAs that share 6-8 nucleotides (nt) of complementarity to the siRNA and miRNA 5' end. siRNA- and miRNA-containing ribonucleoprotein silencing complexes are assembled from double-stranded 21- to 23-nt RNase III processing intermediates that carry 5' phosphates and 2-nt overhangs with free 3' hydroxyl groups. Despite the structural symmetry of a duplex siRNA, the nucleotide sequence asymmetry can generate a bias for preferred loading of one of the two duplex-forming strands into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). Here we show that the 5'-phosphorylation status of the siRNA strands also acts as an important determinant for strand selection. 5'-O-methylated siRNA duplexes refractory to 5' phosphorylation were examined for their biases in siRNA strand selection. Asymmetric, single methylation of siRNA duplexes reduced the occupancy of the silencing complex by the methylated strand with concomitant elimination of its off-targeting signature and enhanced off-targeting signature of the phosphorylated strand. Methylation of both siRNA strands reduced but did not completely abolish RNA silencing, without affecting strand selection relative to that of the unmodified siRNA. We conclude that asymmetric 5' modification of siRNA duplexes can be useful for controlling targeting specificity. Keywords: siRNA, transfection, chemical modification, off-targets

2008-04-02 | GSE10960 | GEO

Antiviral RNA interference in mammalian cells

Project description:Plants and invertebrates protect themselves from viruses through RNA interference (RNAi), yet it remains unknown whether this defense mechanism exists in mammals. Antiviral RNAi involves the processing of viral long double-stranded (ds) RNA molecules into small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) by the ribonuclease (RNAse) III Dicer. These siRNAs are incorporated into effector complex(es) containing members of the Argonaute (Ago) protein family and guide silencing of complementary target viral RNAs. Here, we detect the accumulation of phased Dicer-dependent virus-derived siRNA (viRNAs) and demonstrate their loading into Ago2 after infection of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells with Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV). We further show that the production of these viRNAs is drastically reduced, yet not completely abolished, if ES cells are first induced to differentiate before infection. Finally, we reveal that the mammalian virus Nodamura virus (NoV) encodes for a protein that counteracts such antiviral RNAi in ES cells supporting the existence of an effective RNAi-based immunity in mammals.

2013-10-10 | GSE43153 | GEO

siRNA profiling of HeLa cells reveals strand-specific 5-O-methylation of siRNA duplexes controls guide strand selection and targeting specificity.

Project description:Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) guide catalytic sequence-specific cleavage of fully or nearly fully complementary target mRNAs or control translation and/or stability of many mRNAs that share 6-8 nucleotides (nt) of complementarity to the siRNA and miRNA 5' end. siRNA- and miRNA-containing ribonucleoprotein silencing complexes are assembled from double-stranded 21- to 23-nt RNase III processing intermediates that carry 5' phosphates and 2-nt overhangs with free 3' hydroxyl groups. Despite the structural symmetry of a duplex siRNA, the nucleotide sequence asymmetry can generate a bias for preferred loading of one of the two duplex-forming strands into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). Here we show that the 5'-phosphorylation status of the siRNA strands also acts as an important determinant for strand selection. 5'-O-methylated siRNA duplexes refractory to 5' phosphorylation were examined for their biases in siRNA strand selection. Asymmetric, single methylation of siRNA duplexes reduced the occupancy of the silencing complex by the methylated strand with concomitant elimination of its off-targeting signature and enhanced off-targeting signature of the phosphorylated strand. Methylation of both siRNA strands reduced but did not completely abolish RNA silencing, without affecting strand selection relative to that of the unmodified siRNA. We conclude that asymmetric 5' modification of siRNA duplexes can be useful for controlling targeting specificity. Experiment Overall Design: For details please see: Chen PY, Weinmann L, Gaidatzis D, Pei Y, Zavolan M, Tuschl T, Meister G. RNA (2008) 14(2):263-74.

2008-06-11 | E-GEOD-10960 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Antiviral RNA interference in mammalian cells

2013-10-10 | E-GEOD-43153 | biostudies-arrayexpress

High-pressure sprayed siRNAs influence the efficiency but not the profile of transitive silencing

Project description:In plants, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are a quintessential class of RNA interference (RNAi)-inducing molecules produced by the endonucleolytic cleavage of double stranded RNAs (dsRNAs). In order to ensure robust RNAi, siRNAs are amplified through a positive feedback mechanism called transitivity. Transitivity relies on RNA-DIRECTED-RNA POLYMERASE 6 (RDR6)-mediated dsRNA synthesis using siRNA-targeted RNA. The newly synthesized dsRNA is subsequently cleaved into secondary siRNAs by DICER-LIKE (DCL) endonucleases. Just like primary siRNAs, secondary siRNAs are also loaded into ARGONAUTE proteins (AGOs) to form an RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) reinforcing the cleavage of the target RNA. Although the molecular players underlying transitivity are well established, the mode of action of transitivity remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the influence of primary target sites on transgene silencing and transitivity using the GFP-expressing Nicotiana benthamiana 16C line, high pressure spraying protocol (HPSP), and synthetic 22-nucleotide (nt) long siRNAs. We found that the 22-nt siRNA targeting the 3’ of the GFP transgene was less efficient in inducing silencing when compared to the siRNAs targeting the 5’ and middle region of the GFP. Moreover, sRNA sequencing of locally silenced leaves showed that the amount but not the profile of secondary RNAs is shaped by the occupancy of the primary siRNA triggers on the target RNA. Our findings suggest that RDR6-mediated dsRNA synthesis is not primed by primary siRNAs and that dsRNA synthesis appears to be generally initiated at the 3’ end of the target RNA.

2021-12-01 | GSE189777 | GEO

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