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Genome-wide analysis of gene expression in Krt1+/+ versus Krt1-/- epidermis and full-thickness skin.

ABSTRACT: Keratin 1 (KRT1) and its heterodimer partner keratin 10 (KRT10) constitute the intermediate filament cytoskeleton of suprabasal skin keratinocytes. They participate in formation of the epidermal barrier, which protects against dehydration and inflammation. Mutations in KRT1 cause keratinopathic ichthyosis with erythema, recurrent inflammation, and barrier defects. Here, we show that genetic deletion of Krt1 in mice causes a defective inside-out epidermal barrier, pre- and postnatal increases in Mrp8/Mrp14, interleukin (IL) 18, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) in skin extracts, and systemic release of IL-18 into newborn serum. Perinatal lethality was partially rescued by treatment with glucocorticoids to promote barrier repair or with IL- 18-blocking antibodies in utero. In human keratinocytes, IL-18 release was cellautonomous and caspase-1-dependent, indicating KRT1-dependent inflammasome activation. Our data reveal a novl function of KRT1 in controlling inflammasome activity and stimulating barrier formation, thereby integrating the keratin cytoskeleton into the epidermal immune response. In view of their widespread expression, keratins merit investigation of their functions in inflammatory conditions, including asthma and inflammatory bowel disorders. Total RNA was obtained from epidermis or full-thickness skin of Krt1+/+ and Krt1-/- mice (C57BL/6 background) at P0 (newborn).

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

SUBMITTER: Andrea Staratschek-Jox

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-32951 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Genome-wide analysis of gene expression in Krt1+/+ versus Krt1-/- epidermis and full-thickness skin.

Project description:Keratin 1 (KRT1) and its heterodimer partner keratin 10 (KRT10) constitute the intermediate filament cytoskeleton of suprabasal skin keratinocytes. They participate in formation of the epidermal barrier, which protects against dehydration and inflammation. Mutations in KRT1 cause keratinopathic ichthyosis with erythema, recurrent inflammation, and barrier defects. Here, we show that genetic deletion of Krt1 in mice causes a defective inside-out epidermal barrier, pre- and postnatal increases in Mrp8/Mrp14, interleukin (IL) 18, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) in skin extracts, and systemic release of IL-18 into newborn serum. Perinatal lethality was partially rescued by treatment with glucocorticoids to promote barrier repair or with IL- 18-blocking antibodies in utero. In human keratinocytes, IL-18 release was cellautonomous and caspase-1-dependent, indicating KRT1-dependent inflammasome activation. Our data reveal a novl function of KRT1 in controlling inflammasome activity and stimulating barrier formation, thereby integrating the keratin cytoskeleton into the epidermal immune response. In view of their widespread expression, keratins merit investigation of their functions in inflammatory conditions, including asthma and inflammatory bowel disorders.

2012-12-01 | GSE32951 | GEO

Keratins control Nrf2 by regulating mitochondrial activity and barrier composition / Keratin-dependent TSLP expression suggests a link between skin blistering and atopic disease

Project description:The epidermal barrier protects the body against mechanical injury, infection and dehydration. The respective contribution of type I and type II keratins which form the major cytoskeleton in epidermal keratinocytes in barrier formation and stress protection is incompletely understood. Here, we reveal a novel mechanism by which keratins control anti-oxidant responses through barrier-dependent and cell-autonomous mechanisms. Mice lacking the entire type I (KtyI) or type II (KtyII) keratin gene clusters suffer from distinct prenatal barrier defects. Comparative transcriptome profiling identifies essential cornified envelope components and reveals strong upregulation of the bZIP transcription factor Nrf2 in situ. Isolated keratinocytes from both strains of mice show elevated mitochondrial oxygen consumption and Nrf2 activity, decreased upon keratin re-expression. We propose a model in which keratins control mitochondria-derived oxidative stress via Nrf2 activation. Our findings reveal major contributions of keratins to chronic inflammation and autoimmune disorders. Total RNA obtained from E18.5 embryo back skin from typeI and II keratin knockout compared with respective wild type.

2016-03-26 | E-GEOD-79590 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Gene expression profile of human epidermal keratinocytes in response to IFNgamma, IL-4, IL-6, IL-17A and IL-22

Project description:To understand the role of epidermal keratinocytes in immunopathology of skin diseases with predominant T helper (Th) cell responses, we measured the genome-wide transcriptional profile of human keratinocytes in response to IFNgamma, IL-4, IL-17A or IL-22, major cytokines produced by Th1, Th2, Th17 or Th22 cells, respectively. IL-6 was also included in the transcriptional profile analysis because a variety of pro-inflammatory stimuli stimulate human keratinocytes to produce IL-6 that has an autocrine or paracrine role in epidermal immunity. We aimed to discover commonly expressed genes in human keratinocytes in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines, which would be associated with common pathophysiological responses in various skin diseases such as skin permeability barrier disruption or epidermal hyperplasia. Normal human keratinocytes (NHKs) were stimulated with IFNγ, IL-4, IL-6, IL-17A and IL-22 for 24 hours and harvested for total RNA extraction and hybridization on Affymetrix microarrays.

2014-10-02 | E-GEOD-53751 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Keratins control Nrf2 by regulating mitochondrial activity and barrier composition / Keratin-dependent TSLP expression suggests a link between skin blistering and atopic disease

2016-03-26 | GSE79590 | GEO

Conditional keratinocyte-specific ADAM17 knockout in mice alters skin homeostasis

Project description:This study investigates the role of ADAM17 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17) in skin homeostasis. Here, we show that mice lacking ADAM17 in keratinocytes have a normal epidermal barrier and skin architecture at birth, but develop pronounced defects in epidermal barrier integrity soon after birth and chronic dermatitis as adults. The dysregulated expression of epidermal differentiation proteins becomes evident 2 days after birth, followed by transepidermal water loss and inflammatory immune cell infiltration. Our results identify a previously unappreciated critical role of the ADAM17/EGFR signaling axis in maintaining the homeostasis of the postnatal epidermal barrier. The genome-wide effects of ADAM17 deficiency were analyzed using Agilent Whole Mouse Genome microarrays. Conditional keratinocyte-specific ADAM17 knockout mice were generated by crossing Adam17flox/flox mice with keratin-14-Cre (Krt14-Cre) transgenic mice. Adam17flox/+Krt14-Cre mice were mated with Adam17flox/flox mice to generate pups of Adam17flox/flox Krt14-Cre positive (cKO) and Krt14-Cre negative (wild-type) control littermates. The genetic background was a mix of 129Sv and C57BL/6. As material, back skin tissue biopsies (postnatal day 10) from n = 2 wild-type skin and n = 2 ADAM17 epidermal KO skin (matched WT-cKO pairs from two different litters) were used in this study.

2012-06-20 | E-GEOD-38830 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Knockout of GPx4 gene in mouse keratinocyte

Project description:Comparative analysis of gene expression in cultured primary keratinocytes isolated from newborn control (K14-cre; GPx4fl/+) and knockout (K14-cre; GPx4fl/fl) mice. Selenoproteins are essential for skin function, as targeted abolition of selenoproteins in epidermal tissue results in newborn mice manifesting gross abnormalities of skin and hair, accompanied by retarded growth and premature death. To investigate whether lack of a single selenoprotein could induce similar phenotypic effect in mice, we generated keratinocyte-specific knockout mice lacking glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4), an essential selenoprotein in skin, to examine phenotypic changes resulting from the lack of GPx4 in skin. Ablation of GPx4 results in focal alopecia and disturbed hair follicle morphogenesis, with GPx4 being essential during early stages of hair follicle morphogenesis as well as for keratinocyte adhesion and proliferation in culture. We have generated mice with selective removal of the GPx4 gene in keratinocytes under the control of Keratin-14-cre (K14-cre) promoter. Comparative microarray analysis was performed on RNA samples taken from pooled primary keratinocytes from knockout and control mice from the same litter. Array replicates were performed using RNA samples from three different litters.

2012-12-06 | E-GEOD-34215 | biostudies-arrayexpress

cFLIP prevents TNFR1-dependent lethal dermatitis and TNFR1-independent blockade of epidermal differentiation

Project description:Cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (cFLIP) prevents the development of dermatitis by blocking TNFα-dependent apoptosis of keratinocytes. However, it is unclear whether TNFα-independent signal might also contribute to the development of dermatitis in epidermis-specific Cflar-deficient (Cflar) mice. Here we show that Cflar;Tnfrsf1a-/- mice were born at the expected Mendelian ratio, but developed severe dermatitis and succumbed soon after birth. While keratinocytes still died by apoptosis, expression of epidermal differentiation markers, such as Loricrin, Filaggrin, and Keratin (Krt)10, but not Krt5 were severely downregulated in the skin of Cflar;Tnfrsf1a-/- mice at both mRNA and protein levels. Conversely, inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6 and Il17a were elevated in the skin of Cflar ;Tnfrsf1a-/- mice. Treatment of primary keratinocytes with IL-6, to a lesser extent IL-17A suppressed expression of Loricrin, Filaggrin, and Krt10. Together, cFLIP suppresses TNFR1-independent apoptosis of keratinocytes and prevents IL-6-dependent blockade of epidermal differentiation.

2020-04-01 | GSE99379 | GEO

Effects of CerS4 deletion in murine epidermis on proteome and lipidome

Project description:Epidermal deletion of the lipid modifying enzyme CerS4 causes epidermal barrier impairments associated with human skin diseases. Proteomes of Wt newborn and P47 mice were compared in order to identify molecular differences between barrier formation and maintenance. Proteomes of epidermal splits from Ctr and CerS4epi-/- at different ages (P21, P33, P47) were compared, to identify the effect of CerS4 on barrier maintenance.

2020-02-27 | PXD012220 | Pride

Pathologic Immune Pathways in Psoriasis are Rapidly Attenuated by Tofacitinib Treatment: A Randomized Phase 2 Study in Patients with Moderate to Severe Psoriasis

Project description:Here we elucidate the molecular mechanism of tofacitinib, an oral Janus kinase inhibitor, in psoriasis. Tofacitinib exhibits a multi-tiered action, with early direct effects on keratinocytes and histological and transcriptomic improvement prior to IL-17 reduction. Twelve patients with plaque psoriasis were randomized (3:1) to receive tofacitinib 10Â mg or placebo twice daily for 12 weeks. Biopsies were taken from lesional and nonâlesional skin at baseline, and from lesional skin on Day 1, Day 3, and Weeks 1, 2, 4 and 12. Biopsies were examined for psoriatic epidermal features (thickness; Ki67+ keratinocytes, keratin 16 [KRT16] mRNA expression; phosphoSTAT [pSTAT] + nuclei) and T-cell and dendritic cell (DC) subsets using immunohistochemistry. mRNA transcripts were quantified by microarray.

2016-06-30 | E-GEOD-69967 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Murine keratinocytes NFAT5 knockout secretome LC-MS/MS

Project description:The skin protects the human body against dehydration and harmful challenges. Keratinocytes (KCs) are the most frequent epidermal cells, and it is anticipated that KC-mediated transport of Na+ ions creates a physiological barrier of high osmolality against the external environment. We studied in KCs the role of NFAT5, a transcription factor whose activity is controlled by osmotic stress. Cultured KCs from adult mice secrete more than 300 proteins, and upon NFAT5 ablation, the secretion of several matrix proteinases, including metalloproteinase-3 (Mmp3) and kallikrein-related peptidase 7 (Klk7), was markedly enhanced. An increase in Mmp3 and Klk7 RNA levels was also detected in transcriptomes of Nfat5-/- KCs, along with increases of numerous components of ‘Epidermal Differentiation Complex’ (EDC), as proline-rich Sprr and S100 proteins. NFAT5 and Mmp3 are co-expressed in basal KCs from fetal and adult skin but not in skin of newborn mice. This is correlated with a strong increase in Mmp3 and Klk7 expression in KCs of newborn mice and suggests, along with the fragile epidermis of adult Nfat5-/- mice, a suppressive effect of NFAT5 on the expression of matrix proteases in skin. Our data suggest that NFAT5 controls the expression of matrix proteases in skin and contributes to the many fold changes during embryonal skin development and skin integrity in adults.

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