Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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Gene regulation and priming by Topoisomerase IIÎ± in embryonic stem cells [ChIP-chip]

ABSTRACT: Topoisomerases are essential for resolving topological problems in the genome, while their function in gene regulation, especially during cellular differentiation, remains elusive/unknown. We reveal that the expression of two Topo II isoforms, Top2Î± and Top2Î², is characteristic of dividing and postmitotic tissues, respectively. In embryonic stem cells, Top2Î± preferentially binds to promoters embedded in an active chromatin environment. Inhibition of Top2Î± activity results in misregulation of target gene expression that accompanies accumulation of double-strand breaks. Common targets of Top2Î± and Top2Î² are housekeeping genes while their unique targets are involved in proliferation/pluripotency and neurogenesis (Can we say this as this might be because we are driving neurons from ES cells), respectively. Moreover, a small subset of Top2Î± targets exhibit bivalent chromatin state that is resolved upon differentiation concomitant with their activation and occupancy by Top2Î², a feature further observed for large lengthlong genes. These findings suggest that Top2Î± not only contributes to stem cell transcriptome regulation but may also prime developmental genes for subsequent activation by Top2Î². Chromatin IP was performed with Top2Î± antibodies in WT ES cells and hybridized to custom designed tiling array.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

SUBMITTER: Sudhir Thakurela

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-45890 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Publications

Gene regulation and priming by topoisomerase IIα in embryonic stem cells.

Thakurela Sudhir S Garding Angela A Jung Johannes J Schübeler Dirk D Burger Lukas L Tiwari Vijay K VK

Nature communications 20130101

Topoisomerases resolve torsional stress, while their function in gene regulation, especially during cellular differentiation, remains unknown. Here we find that the expression of topo II isoforms, topoisomerase IIα and topoisomerase IIβ, is the characteristic of dividing and postmitotic tissues, respectively. In embryonic stem cells, topoisomerase IIα preferentially occupies active gene promoters. Topoisomerase IIα inhibition compromises genomic integrity, which results in epigenetic changes, al ...[more]

PMID: 24072229

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Project description:Dosage compensation refers to the equalization of most X-linked gene products between males and females. In Drosophila, it is mediated by the MSL complex that preferentially associates with numerous sites on the X chromosome in somatic cells of males, and is responsible for an enhancement of the transcriptional rate of a substantial number of X-linked genes. Here we show that topoisomerase II (Topo II) is an integral part of the mechanistic basis of dosage compensation and we highlight a novel function for this enzyme. A widely accepted model of transcription postulates that the moving bubble generated by an RNA polymerase elongating complex induces positive DNA supercoiling in the region ahead of the complex and negative supercoiling in its wake. These transitory changes in supercoiling are resolved by the action of topoisomerases. We have investigated the role of Topo II in dosage compensation by RNAi-mediated depletion, and we have used chromatin immunoprecipitation to determine its genomic distribution and relative abundance on X-linked genes. Topo II is enriched on dosage compensated genes and this enrichment is independent from the approximate two-fold enhancement in transcription of these genes. We have demonstrated an RNA-dependent association of Topo II with MLE, the ATPase-helicase subunit of the MSL complex. Our results indicate a role for Topo II that is additional to and different from its function in restoring normal DNA superhelicity during the transcription process. We suggest that the enhanced level of Topo II alters the DNA supercoiling of compensated gene units to facilitate transcription and could provide a basis for the recent report that the MSL complex enhances transcription by increasing the rate of elongation of RNA polymerase II. Investigation of dosage compensated gene expression levels in S2 and S2 Topo II RNAi knockdown cells. mRNA was isolated from S2 cells and S2 cells with RNAi knockdown of Topo II. The mRNA was then converted to cDNA and hybridized to a NimbleGen D. melanogaster gene expression array. 2 replicates each.

Dataset Information

Gene regulation and priming by Topoisomerase IIÎ± in embryonic stem cells [ChIP-chip]

Publications

Gene regulation and priming by topoisomerase IIα in embryonic stem cells.

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