Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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Scml2 establshes germline-sepcific epigenome

ABSTRACT: we identify Scml2, a subunit of a germ cell-specific polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1), as a critical epigenetic modifier that establishes the germline-specific epigenome through two distinct functions. One of these functions is in the stem cell phase of spermatogonia and the other is on meiotic sex chromosomes. During the stem cell phase of spermatogonia, Scml2 establishes Rnf2- dependent ubiquitination of H2A (Rnf2-ubH2A) as an epigenetic memory that subsequently ensures programmed repression of somatic genes during the late stages of spermatogenesis. Additionally, during meiosis, Scml2 interacts with M-NM-3H2AX and works downstream of the DNA damage response factor Mdc1 on the sex chromosomes and, contrary to autosomes, suppresses Rnf2-ubH2A for proper epigenetic programming of the sex chromosomes. Taken together, Scml2 positively regulates Rnf2-ubH2A on autosomes and negatively regulates Rnf2-ubH2A on the sex chromosomes to establish the germline-specific epigenome in spermatogenesis. Our study reveals a novel layer of epigenetic regulation in the male germline and adds further insight into the functionality of the polycomb proteins. RNA-seq and ChIP-seq analyses using wild-type and Scml2 KO spermatogenic cells

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

SUBMITTER: Satoshi Namekawa

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-55060 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Project description:The piRNA pathway is studied in great detail in Drosophila female germline. In this study we show that unlike the female germline where all Piwi proteins are expressed throughout oogenesis, Ago3 - a Piwi family protein shows a spatial expression male germline. To understand dynamics of piRNA pathway during spermatogonia and primary spermatocyte stages of male germline development, we used arrest mutants. The bag of marbles (bam) and benign gonial cell neoplasm (bgcn) mutants have only early mitotic dividing germline cells in the testes due to failure to progress to primary spermatocyte stage, the cannonball (can) and spermatocyte arrest (sa) mutant germline cells cannot progress beyond primary spermatocyte stage. To investigate the dynamics of the piRNA pathway during spermatogenesis in spermatogonia and primary spermatocyte stages, we used testicular tissues from these stage-specific arrested mutants. While we used entire bam and bgcn mutant testes for spermatogonia purification, we while we manually removed the apical regions of can and sa mutant testes to exclude mitotically dividing undifferentiated germline cells for primary spermatocytes purification. Our results show that piRNAs mapping to transposons are more abundant in spermatogonia, whereas those mapping to Suppressor of Stellate [Su(Ste)] and AT-chX are mostly expressed in primary spermatocytes. Furthermore we observed that transposon-mapping piRNAs with ping-pong signature are more abundant in spermatogonia albeit still detectable in primary spermatocytes where Ago3 is not expressed. These results suggest that robust piRNA production via ping-pong cycle takes place in spermatogonia, and to a lesser extent in primary spermatocytes even in the absence of Ago3. Consistently, piRNAs from ago3 mutant testes also exhibit the ping-pong signature, confirming that a non-canonical ping-pong cycle is acting during spermatogenesis. Our study provides a developmental dimension to the piRNA pathway and uncovers a new mechanism used in the male germline to silence transposons. The difference in piRNA from spermatogonia and primary spermatocyte stages was studied by comparing small RNAs from bam and bgcn mutant testis, which represent spermatogonia stages with the small RNAs from apex removed can and sa testis, representing primary spermatocyte stages. In the study we also studied effect of loss of Piwi family proteins Aub and Ago3, which have different spatial expression during male germline development.

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Scml2 establshes germline-sepcific epigenome

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