Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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Chromatin accessibility profiling of developing cerebellar granule neurons identifies novel neuronal enhancers and reveals a role for Zic transcription factors in neuronal maturation

ABSTRACT: To identify chromatin mechanisms of neuronal differentiation, we characterized the relationship between chromatin accessibility and gene expression in cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) of the developing mouse. We used DNase-seq to globally map accessibility of cis-regulatory elements and RNA-seq to profile transcript abundance at key points in postnatal neuronal differentiation in vivo and in culture. We observed thousands of chromatin accessibility changes as CGNs differentiated and determined that many of these regions function as stage-specific neuronal enhancers. Motif discovery within differentially accessible chromatin regions suggested a novel role for the Zic family of transcription factors in CGN maturation, and we confirmed the association of Zic with these elements by ChIP-seq. Knockdown of Zic1 and Zic2 indicated Zic transcription factors are required to coordinate mature neuronal gene expression patterns. These data reveal chromatin dynamics at thousands of gene regulatory elements that facilitate gene expression patterns necessary for neuronal differentiation and function. Biological triplicate DNase-seq and RNA-seq samples from 3 in vivo cerebellum developmental stages (P7, P14, P60) and 3 cultured CGN stages (isolated granule neuron precursors, +3DIV, and +7DIV) obtained. Zic1 and Zic2 were separately knocked down by lentiviral shRNA in cultured CGNs followed by RNA-seq (2 biological replicates per KD and 2 controls). Zic1/2 ChIP-seq was performed with in vivo cerebellum at two developmental stages (P7 and P60) in duplicate with matching input and IgG controls.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

SUBMITTER: Christopher Frank

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-60731 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Project description:Mitosis entails global alterations to chromosome structure and nuclear architecture, concomitant with transient silencing of transcription. How cells transmit transcriptional states through mitosis remains incompletely understood. While many nuclear factors dissociate from mitotic chromosomes, the observation that certain nuclear factors and chromatin features remain associated with individual loci during mitosis originated the hypothesis that they could provide transcriptional memory through mitosis. To obtain the first genome-wide view of the dynamics of chromatin structure during mitosis, we compared the DNase sensitivity of interphase and mitotic chromatin at two stages of cellular maturation in a rapidly dividingmurine erythroblastmodel. Despite global chromosome condensation visible during mitosis at the microscopic level, the chromatin accessibility landscape is largely unaltered. However, mitotic chromatin accessibility is locally dynamic, with individual loci maintaining none, some, or all of their interphase accessibility. Mitotic reduction in accessibility occurs primarily within narrow, highly hypersensitive sites that frequently coincide with transcription factor binding sites, whereas broader domains of moderate accessibility tend to be more stable. In mitosis, proximal promoters generally maintain their accessibility, whereas distal regulatory elements preferentially lose accessibility. Promoters with the highest degree of accessibility preservation in mitosis tend to also be accessible across many murine tissues in interphase. Transcription factor GATA1 exerts site-specific changes in interphase accessibility that are most pronounced at distal regulatory elements, but does not visibly influence mitotic accessibility. We conclude that features of open chromatin are remarkably stable through mitosis and are modulated at the level of individual genes and regulatory elements. Dnase-Seq data is integrated with Chip-seq [GSE36589, GSE30142] and RNA-seq to examine epigentic changes in mitosis. We performed DNase-seq on two cell lines, G1E and G1E-ER4, both on an asynchronus population, and on a sample of cells in mitosis; each of the 4 experiments in triplicate.

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Chromatin accessibility profiling of developing cerebellar granule neurons identifies novel neuronal enhancers and reveals a role for Zic transcription factors in neuronal maturation

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