Lager beer fermentation time course
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Saccharomyces pastorianus
SUBMITTER: Claes Gjermansen
PROVIDER: E-GEOD-79 | biostudies-arrayexpress |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress
Publications
The dynamics of the Saccharomyces carlsbergensis brewing yeast transcriptome during a production-scale lager beer fermentation.
Olesen Kjeld K Felding Troels T Gjermansen Claes C Hansen Jørgen J
FEMS yeast research 20021201 4
The transcriptome of a lager brewing yeast (Saccharomyces carlsbergensis, syn. of S. pastorianus), was analysed at 12 different time points spanning a production-scale lager beer fermentation. Generally, the average expression rapidly increased and had a maximum value on day 2, then decreased as the sugar got consumed. Especially genes involved in protein and lipid biosynthesis or glycolysis were highly expressed during the beginning of the fermentation. Similarities as well as significant diffe ...[more]
Similar Datasets
Project description:Saccharomyces pastorianus is the yeast used to make lager beer; it is known to be an interspecific hybrid formed by the fusion between S. cerevisiae and S. bayanus genomes. This data set queries 17 S. pastorianus strains, collected at various times over the last 125 years from various breweries located in different geographical locations, which were obtained from CBS and DBVPG culture collections. The data in this set represent array-CGH experiments performed with these strains, using "2-species" custom Agilent arrays (the "2-species" arrays contain probes spaced every ~2 kb across the whole genomes of both S. cerevisiae and S. bayanus; the probes are unique and specific for each genome). The data set also contains 3 self-self hybridizations (S. cerevisiae + S. bayanus DNA mixed together in equimolar amounts, then labeled green or red in separate reactions, then hybridized to the "2-species" arrays) used for normalization in CGH-Miner analysis. A strain or line experiment design type assays differences between multiple strains, cultivars, serovars, isolates, lines from organisms of a single species. Keywords: strain_or_line_design
2008-07-22 | E-GEOD-12177 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Arabidopsis plants (ecotype Ler) were grown under short day conditions (8h cool white fluorescent light at 100 uE, 16h dark) at 20 °C and ambient humidity in PGW36 phytochambers (Controlled Environment Ltd., Winnipeg, MB, Canada). Plants were grown in Redi soil (Grace & Co, Ajax, ON, Canada) in 12 cm pots at a density of five plants per pot without fertilization for 8 weeks. Light conditions were then changed to long day (16h light, 8h dark), and plants were fertilized once with standard 10-15-10 plant fertilizer (150 ul in 300 ml water per pot) (Schultz, St. Louis, MO, USA). Twelve and 14 days after changing to long day conditions we harvested sections from stems totalling 4-6cm (â5cm stemâ) and 9-11cm (â10cm stemâ) in length, respectively. All flowers, siliques, cauline leaves, and secondary branches were discarded and the remaining bolting stems were cut with a razor blade to generate the following sections: 0-2cm and 2-4cm from 5cm stems; and 0-3cm, 3-5cm, 5-7cm, and 7-9cm from 10cm stems. For array hybridizations, labelled cDNA derived from each section was co-hybridized with cDNA from 0-2cm sections as a reference. Four replicate arrays (double dye-flip) were hybridized for each comparison. Keywords = fiber Keywords = lignin Keywords = stem developmet
2010-06-09 | E-GEOD-2000 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Arabidopsis thaliana plants (ecotype Landsberg erecta) were grown at 20ËC constant temperature, 8 hr/16 hr Light/Dark photoperiod at 50-60% ambient humidity, for 8 to 9 weeks. Short day conditions prevented the onset of flowering and the plants were thus maintained in growth stage 1 (leaf production) with 13 to 15 rosette leaves larger than 1mm (stage 1.13 to 1.14). Diamondback moth (DBM, Plutella xylostella) larvae were maintained on cabbage (Brassica oleracea) plants in a climate-controlled room at 25ºC, 12 hr photoperiod with 50%-60% relative humidity. Two days before exposing A. thaliana plants to herbivore treatment, plants were transferred to a climate-controlled room (22ºC, 50-60% humidity, 12 hr photoperiod). For insect treatment, seven Diamondback moth (DBM, Plutella xylostella) larvae (third to fifth instars) were placed on a group of four or five plants until time of harvest, for each time point separately. All rosette leaves were harvested at 1h, 4h, 12h, and 24h after onset of continuous herbivory and flash frozen in liquid nitrogen. Control plants were maintained under the same conditions and harvested in parallel. Keywords: time course, stress response, herbivory response For each time point (1h, 4h, 12h, and 24h) two biological replicates (DBM treatment) were performed. Control plants were harvested in parallel. Total RNA from each sample was used for two labelling reactions using dye-flips (Cy5 or Cy3) and labelled cDNA from treatment and control plants were co-hybridized. Thus, for each time-point four replicates were analyzed each comparing treatment with the corresponding control (rep1 and rep2 are dye-flips of biological replicate 1, and rep3 and rep4 are dye-flips of biological replicate 2). For background correction, we defined the mean of the lowest 10% of spot intensities from a particular subgrid as the background for that subgrid. This mean was subtracted from each spot in the subgrid. Signal intensities that did not exceed the background plus 3 standard deviations thereof were defined as not detectable and were excluded from further analyses. We normalized using loess curves thus generating log2 transformed expression ratios comparing DBM treatment with control. These ratios are given in the VALUE columns of each array.
2010-05-26 | E-GEOD-10681 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:A better understanding of the consequences of recurrent (epi)genetic alterations that occur during cervical carcinogenesis is essential in the search for novel biomarkers. In this study we determined genome-wide expression profiles of 10 squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), 5 adenocarcinomas (AdCAs) and 6 normal epithelial samples. Expression patterns were subsequently combined with previously determined chromosomal profiles in the same carcinomas. Differential gene expression analysis identified 76 genes with altered expression in carcinomas compared to normal epithelium. Microarray results for a subset of these genes were validated by real-time RT-PCR. Among the differentially expressed genes a relative overrepresentation of genes located at chromosome 3q, one of the most frequently gained areas in SCCs, was observed (false discovery rate (FDR)<0.005). To further investigate the relationship between gene expression and chromosomal alterations 2 statistical approaches were used, i.e. differential gene locus mapping (DIGMAP) and the array CGH expression integration tool (ACE-it). Using these methods we found that increased gene expression was linked to increased gene copy numbers at 1q32.1, 3q13.32-22.3, 3q26.32-27.3, and 20q11.21-13.33, whereas a loss at 11q22.3-25 correlated with recurrent decreased gene expression. Integrated genome-wide chromosomal and transcriptional analysis of cervical carcinomas highlighted 7 genes (i.e. FLJ21291, DTX3L, CCDC14, MCM2, PIK3R4, ATP2C1 and SLC25A36), which were identified by differential gene expression analysis and were located within the chromosomal regions identified by DIGMAP and/or ACE-it as well. Further investigations of these promising marker genes in warranted. Keywords: microarray analysis, array CGH, cervical cancer For microarray mRNA expression analysis 10 SCCs, 5 AdCAs and 6 normal epithelial controls were used. Normal cervical controls consisted of 1 pool of 3 normal cervices distant from tumour, 1 pool of 4 normal ectocervical smears and 1 pool of 5 normal endocervical smears. To expand our number of normal squamous epithelial controls, we included expression profiles of 3 uvulas of non-cancer patients who underwent uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. In addition, we hybridised RNA isolated from 2 different biopsies of the same SCC (SCC12 and SCC13) as a biological replicate. The pool of 4 normal ectocervical smears was hybridised twice as a technical replicate to determine technical variation. Genomic profiling of the same 10 SCCs and 5 AdCAs was done using array CGH (Wilting et al, J Pathol 2006, volume 209, p 220-30).
2010-06-25 | E-GEOD-6473 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The simultaneous measurement of gene expression for thousands of genes in a single analysis by the microarray technology allows researchers to describe transcriptomes in various samples of interest. Problems with variation in data quality derived from microarray experiments are well known and might result from poor RNA quality, background problems, or sub optimal signal strength. To assess variation due to the fluorescent dye chosen, three different dye pairs were tested for labelling of cDNA in gene expression analysis experiments on a porcine immune focused oligonucleotide microarray (POM3). This in-house oligonucleotide microarray allowed a direct comparison of background fluorescence, Median signal intensities, numbers of spots detected, and resistance to photobleaching between different dye pairs. We tested Alexa Flour 546/647, Cy3/Cy5 as well as Oyster 550/650 all from Genisphere Inc., Hatfield, PA, USA. Keywords: Comparison of fluorescent dyes Each dye pairs were hybridized on two slides. The same two samples were compared on all the slides used in the present study. The liver sample from a healthy animal was labeled with the high wavelength dyes (Oyster 650/Alexa 647/Cy5) and the liver sample from the sick animal was labeled with the low wavelength dyes (Oyster 550/Alexa 546/Cy3). Each slide was scanned 3 times, immediately after hybridization (first round), after 1 month of storage in darkness and after 24 hours on the bench (12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of artificial light). Total RNA from the infected and control liver samples were extracted using RNeasy midi kit (Qiagen, Denmark) and DNase treated using RNase-Free DNase Set (Qiagen). 3DNATM Array 900 expression array detection kits (Genisphere Inc.) were used for the labeling and cDNA synthesis reaction of the RNA in the present study. Three different pairs of fluorescent dyes Oyster 550/650 (Genisphere Inc.), Alexa 546/647 (Genisphere Inc.), and Cy3/Cy5 (Genisphere Inc.) were used in separate labeling reactions. Labeling was done according to the manufacturers protocol for large-scale cDNA synthesis. For the cDNA synthesis 9.2µg total RNA from each liver sample was used and mixed with 20U AmpliQ RTenzyme and 10x first strand buffer (Bie og Berntsen, Rødovre, Denmark). Hybridization and washing were performed according to the manufacturers instructions (Genisphere) using Corning hybridization chambers. For one cDNA hybridization reaction; 6.5µl cDNA from each synthesis, 0.5µl Salmon sperm (10µg/µl) and 13.5µl 2 x Formamide-Based Hybridization Buffer (3DNA Array 900, Genisphere) was used. A total hybridization mix of 29µl was applied under a 22I x 25 mm LifterSlip (Erie Scientific, Portsmouth, NH, USA) carefully avoiding air bubbles. Slides were incubated at 44oC in a water bath over night. Wash buffer 1 (3DNA Array 900, Genisphere) was preheated to 44oC for the post cDNA hybridization wash. For two 3DNA hybridization reaction mixes; 2.5µl of each Capture reagent and 26µl SDS-Based hybridization buffer was mixed to a final volume of 52µl. 26µl 3DNA hybridization mix was applied to each slide, and incubated in darkness in a water bath at 50oC for 4 hours. Wash buffer 1 was preheated to 60oC for the post 3DNA hybridization wash. Slides were scanned on a CCD ArrayWoRxe auto (Applied Precision, Issaquah, WA, USA) using different exposure times (0.3 for 595 nm and 1.2 for 685 nm).
2010-05-06 | E-GEOD-4855 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The carcinogen aflatoxin is synthesized by a cluster of genes that are regulated by the transcriptional factor, AflR. Most, but not all of these genes, have a consensus binding site for AflR in their 5â untranslated region. Because aflR resides within the biosynthetic cluster, is has been suggested that it regulates only genes within the cluster. The objective of this study was to identify those genes transcriptionally regulated by AflR and to determine if any of those genes reside outside the aflatoxin biosynthetic cluster. To address this objective, we employed a cDNA microarray of 5,002 genes from Aspergillus flavus to monitor the expression of genes in a wild type and an aflR deletion strain of A. parasiticus. Keywords = aspergillus Keywords = aflatoxin Keywords = regulation Keywords = secondary metabolism
2010-06-10 | E-GEOD-2709 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Data processing included: 1. Filtering of those bad quality image spots (these includes alterations on the shape or hybridization) 2. Filtering of low intensity which was done flagging with -50 those spots whose feature intensity was lower in any of both channels than the average of the local background in the corresponding channel for all spots. However, those genes whose feature intensity in one channel was under the limit but in the other channel was 5 times over limit were considered as on-off genes and were not filtered. 3. Filtering of low reproducibility intrachip replicated spots. Normal distribution was created with the value obtained from the formula: log2(Rax1/Rb) which means logarithm (two-based) of one ratio multiplied by the inverse of its replicate. This value for each gene shoud keep between the range of average ± 3SD. Those genes out of these range are flagged as -25 4. Normalization of ratios was done by Lowess mathematical method. Correction factor was 0.33 This SuperSeries is composed of the following subset Series: GSE960: wild type 0 hours exposure to congo red GSE961: wild type 2 hours exposure to congo red GSE962: wild type 4 hours exposure to congo red GSE963: wild type 6 hours exposure to congo red GSE964: slt2 mutant 4 hours exposure to congo red GSE965: rlm1 mutant 4 hours exposure to congo red GSE966: wild type two hours exposure to zymolyase Keywords: SuperSeries Refer to individual Series
2010-06-09 | E-GEOD-959 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Liver metastasis is one of the major causes of death in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. To understand this process, we investigated whether the gene expression profiling of matched colorectal carcinomas and liver metastases could reveal key molecular events involved in tumor progression and metastasis. We performed experiments using a cDNA microarray containing 17,104 genes with the following tissue samples: paired tissues of 25 normal colorectal mucosa, 27 primary colorectal tumors, 13 normal liver and 27 liver metastasis, and 20 primary colorectal tumors without liver metastasis. To remove the effect of normal cell contamination, we selected 4,583 organ-specific genes with a false discovery rate (FDR) of 0.0067% by comparing normal colon and liver tissues using significant analysis of microarray, and these genes were excluded from further analysis. We then identified and validated 46 liver metastasis-specific genes with an accuracy of 83.3% by comparing the expression of paired primary colorectal tumors and liver metastases using prediction analysis of microarray. The 46 selected genes contained several known oncogenes and 2 ESTs. To confirm that the results correlated with the microarray expression patterns, we performed RT-PCR with WNT5A and carbonic anhydrase II. Additionally, we observed that 21 of the 46 genes were differentially expressed (FDR = 2.27%) in primary tumors with synchronous liver metastasis compared with primary tumors without liver metastasis. We scanned the human genome using a cDNA microarray and identified 46 genes that may play an important role in the progression of liver metastasis in CRC. Keywords: gene expression profiling using cDNA microarray We performed 17K cDNA microarray with the amplified RNAs from the following tissue samples: normal colorectal mucosa, primary colorectal tumors, normal liver and liver metastasis tumors, and primary colorectal tumors without liver metastasis. Organ-specific genes in normal colon and liver tissues were excluded from the pre-filtered genes, and then we discovered and validated liver metastasis-specific genes commonly up-regulated in the primary colorectal tumors and liver metastasis tumors. To confirm the microarray data, we performed a RT-PCR of two genes (WNT5A and carbonic anhydrase II) in the primary colorectal tumors with and without liver metastases.
2008-01-31 | E-GEOD-6988 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:High-density phage epitope microarray from 31 samples were used for unsupervised analysis (GSM36153...GSM36183). 129 samples from prostate cancer patients and controls were screened on small focused epitope chips, which contained 180 phage elements. These data were used to train GA/KNN program (GSM36184...GSM36312). 128 samples from localized prostate cancer patients and controls were screened on small focused epitope chips. These independent data were used to validate the epitomic profile (GSM36313...GSM36375, GSM40203...GSM40213, GSM40216, GSM40218, GSM40219, GSM40222, GSM40225, GSM40227, GSM40229, GSM40233, GSM40237, GSM40246...GSM40294). Three subgroups of samples were used as test sets to validate the specificity of epitomic profile (GSM36376...GSM36410, GSM40214, GSM40215, GSM40217, GSM40220, GSM40221, GSM40224, GSM40226, GSM40228, GSM40231, GSM40234...GSM40236, GSM40238...GSM40244). Project----Identification of humoral signature for prostate cancer diagnosis We constructed a prostate cancer cDNA phage display library. cDNAs were reverse-synthesized from mDNA pool isolated from prostate cancer tissues. Enzyme-digested cDNA fragments were then inserted into phage vector to make a whole prostate cancer phage expressed cDNA library. In order to select cancer specific phage epitope from this library, we performed several cycles of affinity enrichment. We used the bounded IgG pool isolated from prostate cancer patient sera to select the tumor specific phage epitope clones. Once we had the enriched phage epitope library, we cultured the phage library on LB-agar dish for individual phage colonies. About 2300 phage colonies from agar dish were picked up using toothstick and cultured in 96-well microtiter plates. Each clone was labeled as microtiter plate #, column #, row#, i.e. clone ID. These 2300 clones were then spotted on slides in single spot (no any duplicate), i.e. each spot (labeled by clone ID) represents a single phage clone. The phage epitope microarrays were then screened using cancer or control sera. We employed two color system. Cy5-anti human IgG was to detect human IgG. For green color, we used Cy3-labeled anti-phage capsid protein as internal reference to normalize the ammount difference of phage particles spotted on each spot. Thus the ratio of Cy5/Cy3 would count for the immune response in cancer or control sera. Once we identified humoral signature in prostate cancer patients, we could sequence the phage clone to characterize the nature of the genes or proteins.
2005-10-04 | E-GEOD-2010 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:S. cerevisiae was grown on YEPD. For Congo Red experiments, yest cells were grown overnight at 24 °C to an optical density 0.8 - 1 (A600). The culture was refreshed to 0.2 O.D and grown at 24 °C for 2h. Next, culture was divided into two parts. One continues growing under same conditions (non-treated culture) while the other was supplemented with Congo Red to a final concentration of 30 µg/ml. Cells were collected at 4hours of growth, frozen at -80 °C and processed for RNA extraction.
2010-06-10 | E-GEOD-2106 | biostudies-arrayexpress