Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

Dataset Information

RNA-seq of bird-pollianted, red-flowering and insect-pollinated, yellow-flowering Diplacus aurantiacus varieties sourced from various locations in San Deigo State, USA

ABSTRACT: Flower phenotypes in the species Diplacus aurantiacus in Southern California along an east west transect range from large, yellow, insect-pollinated flowers through orange flowers to small, red, bird-pollinated flowers. Until now, intermediate forms were attributed to recurrent hybridization at the (sub)-species level. However, by monitoring the flower phenotypes of these populations in field studies over the past 20 years, Rolf Baumberger observed that the transition in flower phenotype occurs during the lifespan of individual long-lived plants, thus ruling out a hybrid origin of intermediate forms. Further research has revealed that this transition bears the hallmark of an epigenetic transition. The small, red, bird-pollinated state is stable and heritable but reverts at frequencies of 1-2 %, much higher than that of genetic alterations. In our first approach a comparative transcriptome analysis of individuals of both stable morphotypes, we like to unravel candidate genes involved in floral colour and morphology determination.

INSTRUMENT(S): Illumina HiSeq 2500

ORGANISM(S): Diplacus aurantiacus

SUBMITTER: Stefan Wyder

PROVIDER: E-MTAB-5676 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Project description:The production of heather (Calluna vulgaris) in Germany is highly dependent on cultivars with mutated flower morphology, the so-called diplocalyx bud bloomers. So far, this unique flower type of C. vulgaris has not been reported in any other plant species. The flowers are characterised by an extremely extended flower attractiveness, since the flower buds remain closed throughout the complete flowering season. The flowers of C. vulgaris bud bloomers are male sterile, because the stamens are missing. Furthermore, petals are converted into sepals. Therefore the diplocalyx bud bloomer flowers consist of two whorls of sepals directly followed by the gynoecium. A broad comparison of wild type and bud bloomer’s flowers was undertaken to identify genes differentially expressed in the bud flowering phenotype and in the wild type of C. vulgaris. Transcriptome sequence reads were generated using next generation 454 sequencing of two flower type specific cDNA libraries. In total, 360,000 sequence reads were obtained, assembled to 12,200 contigs, functionally mapped, and annotated. Transcript abundances in wild type and bud bloomer’s libraries were compared and 365 differentially expressed genes detected. Among these differentially genes, CvPI was identified which is the orthologue of the Arabidopsis B gene PISTILLATA (PI) and considered as the most promising candidate gene. Quantitative PCR was performed to analyse the gene expression levels of two C. vulgaris B genes CvPI and CvAP3 in both flower types. CvAP3 which is the orthologue of the Arabidopsis B gene APETALA (AP3) turned out to be ectopically expressed in sepals of wild type and bud bloomer flowers. CvPI expression was proven to be reduced in the flowers of bud blooming cultivars. Differential expression patterns of the B-class genes CvAP3 and CvPI were identified to cause characteristics of flower morphology in C. vulgaris wild type and bud blooming flowers leading to the following hypotheses: ectopic expression of CvAP3 is a convincing explanation for the formation of a completely petaloid perianth in the wild type and the “bud flowering” phenotype. In C. vulgaris, CvPI is essential for determination of petal and stamen identity. The characteristic transition of petals into sepals potentially depends on the observed deficiency of CvPI and CvAP3 expression in bud blooming flowers. However, the complete loss of stamens in bud blooming flowers remains to be explained. two samples were analysed, each representing a flower type

Dataset Information

RNA-seq of bird-pollianted, red-flowering and insect-pollinated, yellow-flowering Diplacus aurantiacus varieties sourced from various locations in San Deigo State, USA

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