Dataset Information

Effect of exercise modality and weight loss on changes in muscle and bone quality in older adults with obesity.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Little is known about the effect of exercise modality during a dietary weight loss program on muscle size and quality, as measured by computed tomography (CT). Even less is known about how CT-derived changes in muscle track with changes in volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and bone strength.

Methods

Older adults (66 ± 5 years, 64 % women) were randomized to 18-months of diet-induced weight loss (WL), WL with aerobic training (WL + AT), or WL with resistance training (WL + RT). CT-derived muscle area, radio-attenuation and intermuscular fat percentage at the trunk and mid-thigh were determined at baseline (n = 55) and 18-month follow-up (n = 22-34), and changes were adjusted for sex, baseline value, and weight lost. Lumbar spine and hip vBMD and finite element-derived bone strength were also measured.

Results

After adjustment for the weight lost, muscle area losses at the trunk were -7.82 cm² [-12.30, -3.35] for WL, -7.72 cm² [-11.36, -4.07] for WL + AT, and -5.14 cm² [-8.65, -1.63] for WL + RT (p < 0.001 for group differences). At the mid-thigh, decreases were -6.20 cm² [-10.39, -2.02] for WL, -7.84 cm² [-11.19, -4.48] for WL + AT, and -0.60 cm² [-4.14, 2.94] for WL + RT; this difference between WL + AT and WL + RT was significant in post-hoc testing (p = 0.01). Change in trunk muscle radio-attenuation was positively associated with change in lumbar bone strength (r = 0.41, p = 0.04).

Conclusions

WL + RT better preserved muscle area and improved muscle quality more consistently than WL + AT or WL alone. More research is needed to characterize the associations between muscle and bone quality in older adults undertaking weight loss interventions.

SUBMITTER: Madrid DA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10033433 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Effect of exercise modality and weight loss on changes in muscle and bone quality in older adults with obesity.

Madrid Diana A DA Beavers Kristen M KM Walkup Michael P MP Ambrosius Walter T WT Rejeski W Jack WJ Marsh Anthony P AP Weaver Ashley A AA

Experimental gerontology 20230218

<h4>Background</h4>Little is known about the effect of exercise modality during a dietary weight loss program on muscle size and quality, as measured by computed tomography (CT). Even less is known about how CT-derived changes in muscle track with changes in volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and bone strength.<h4>Methods</h4>Older adults (66 ± 5 years, 64 % women) were randomized to 18-months of diet-induced weight loss (WL), WL with aerobic training (WL + AT), or WL with resistance trainin ...[more]

PMID: 36796657

Similar Datasets

Project description:The objective of this study was to determine the ability of either aerobic or resistance training to counter weight-loss-associated bone loss in older adults. There were 187 older adults (67 years, 70% women, 64% white) with obesity (BMI = 34.5 ± 3.7 kg/m2 ) and cardiovascular disease and/or metabolic syndrome who were randomized to participate in an 18-month, community-based trial, with a follow-up assessment at 30 months. Intervention arms included: weight loss alone (WL; 7% to 10% baseline weight), WL plus aerobic training (WL + AT), and WL plus resistance training (WL + RT), as well as DXA-acquired total hip, femoral neck, and lumbar spine areal bone mineral density (aBMD), and trabecular bone score (TBS). Biomarkers of bone turnover (procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide, C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen) were measured at baseline, 6, 18, and 30 (aBMD and TBS only) months. CT-acquired hip and spine volumetric BMD (vBMD), cortical thickness, and bone strength were measured in a subset at baseline (n = 55) and 18 months. Total hip aBMD was reduced by 2% in all groups at 18 months, with a primary analysis showing no significant treatment effects for any DXA, biomarker, or CT outcome. After adjustment for WL and follow-up at 30 months, secondary analyses revealed that total hip [-0.018 (-0.023 to -0.012) g/cm2 versus -0.025 (-0.031 to -0.019) g/cm2 ; p = 0.05] and femoral neck [-0.01 (-0.009 to 0.008) g/cm2 versus -0.011 (-0.020 to -0.002) g/cm2 ; p = 0.06] aBMD estimates were modestly attenuated in the WL + RT group compared with the WL group. Additionally, lumbar spine aBMD was increased in the WL [0.015 (0.007 to 0.024) g/cm2 ] and the WL + RT [0.009 (0.000 to 0.017) g/cm2 ] groups compared with the WL + AT [-0.003 (-0.012 to 0.005)g/cm2 ] group; both p ≤ 0.01. Community-based exercise does not prevent bone loss during active WL in older adults; however, adding RT may help minimize long-term hip bone loss. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

Project description:BackgroundObesity may accelerate age-related increases in aortic stiffness. Although aerobic exercise training generally has favorable effects on aortic structure and function, exercise alone may not be sufficient to improve aortic stiffness in older adults with obesity. We determined the effects of aerobic exercise training with and without moderate- to high-caloric restriction (CR) on the structure and function of the proximal aorta in 160 older (65-79 years) men and women with obesity (body mass index=30-45 kg/m2).MethodsParticipants were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: aerobic exercise training only (treadmill 4 days/week for 30 minutes at 65% to 70% of heart rate reserve; n=56), aerobic exercise training plus moderate CR (n=55), or aerobic exercise training plus more intensive CR (n=49) for 20 weeks. Aortic pulse wave velocity, aortic distensibility, and other measures of aortic structure and function were assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. Pearson correlation coefficients were examined to assess associations between changes in proximal aortic stiffness and changes in fitness, fatness, and other potential confounders.ResultsWeight loss in the aerobic exercise training plus moderate CR (-8.0 kg [95% CI, -9.17 to -6.87]) and aerobic exercise training plus more intensive CR (-8.98 kg [95% CI, -10.23 to -7.73) groups was significantly greater compared with the aerobic exercise training-only group (-1.66 kg [95% CI, -2.94 to -0.38]; P<0.017 for both). There were significant treatment effects for descending aorta distensibility (P=0.008) and strain (P=0.004) and aortic arch pulse wave velocity (P=0.01) with the aerobic exercise training plus moderate CR group having a 21% increase in distensibility (P=0.016) and an 8% decrease in pulse wave velocity (P=0.058). None of the aortic stiffness measures changed significantly in the aerobic exercise training-only or aerobic exercise training plus more intensive CR groups, and there were no significant changes in any other measure of aortic structure or function in these groups. Overall, increases in aortic distensibility were correlated with improvements in body weight and body fat distribution, but these associations were not statistically significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons.ConclusionsIn older adults with obesity, combining aerobic exercise with moderate CR leads to greater improvements in proximal aortic stiffness than exercise alone. Registration: URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT01048736.

Project description:BackgroundObesity imposes risk to cardiometabolic health; however, intentional weight loss among older adults with obesity remains controversial.ObjectiveTo explore the influence of exercise plus weight maintenance and exercise plus intentional weight loss by caloric restriction on changes in cardiometabolic risk among older adults with obesity assessed by four risk-scoring tools.DesignUsing longitudinal data from the Calorie Restriction and Changes in Body Composition, Disease, Function, and Quality of Life in Older Adults study (CROSSROADS) (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00955903; May 2009 to October 2014), scores were calculated using baseline and 12-month data according to criteria from the International Diabetes Federation, National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel, Framingham Risk Score, and Cardiometabolic Disease Staging.Participants and settingParticipants (39% men, 23% African American, aged 70.2 ± 4.7 years) were randomized to exercise (n = 48), exercise plus nutrient-dense weight maintenance diet (n = 44), or exercise plus weight loss by moderate caloric restriction (n = 42).Main outcome measuresTo evaluate effects of exercise plus weight maintenance and exercise plus intentional weight loss on changes in cardiometabolic risk.Statistical analyses performedGeneralized estimating equations were used to assess changes in risk with ethnicity, biological sex, and age as covariates.ResultsGroup-time interaction was only significant for Framingham and Cardiometabolic Disease Staging (P = 0.005 and 0.041, respectively). Upon post hoc analysis, significant within-group improvements in Framingham scores were observed for exercise plus weight maintenance (P < 0.001; r = -1.682) and exercise plus weight loss (P = 0.020; r = -0.881). In analysis of between-group differences in Framingham scores, significant decreases were observed in the exercise plus weight maintenance group (P = 0.001; r = -1.723) compared with the exercise group. For Cardiometabolic Disease Staging, the exercise plus weight loss group had significant within-group improvements (P = 0.023; r = -0.102). For between-group differences in Cardiometabolic Disease Staging, the exercise plus weight loss group showed significant risk reduction (P = 0.012; r = -0.142) compared with the exercise group.ConclusionsAmong risk scores evaluated, Framingham and Cardiometabolic Disease Staging showed significantly greater sensitivity to change in cardiometabolic risk. Older adults with obesity can significantly lower cardiometabolic risk through exercise plus weight maintenance or exercise plus weight loss by moderate caloric restriction.

Dataset Information

Effect of exercise modality and weight loss on changes in muscle and bone quality in older adults with obesity.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Effect of exercise modality and weight loss on changes in muscle and bone quality in older adults with obesity.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets