Dataset Information

High-Performance Isotropic Thermo-Electrochemical Cells Using Agar-Gelled Ferricyanide/Ferrocyanide/Guanidinium.

ABSTRACT: An isotropic thermo-electrochemical cell is introduced with a high Seebeck coefficient (S _e) of 3.3 mV K^-1 that uses a ferricyanide/ferrocyanide/guanidinium-based agar-gelated electrolyte. A power density of about 20 µW cm^-2 is achieved at a temperature difference of about 10 K, regardless of whether the heat source is on the top or bottom section of the cell. This behavior is very different from that of cells with liquid electrolytes, which exhibit high anisotropy, and for which high S _e values are achieved only by heating the bottom electrode. The guanidinium-containing gelatinized cell does not exhibit steady-state operation, but its performance recovers when disconnected from the external load, suggesting that the observed power drop under load conditions is not due to device degeneration. The large S _e value and isotropic properties can mean that the novel system represents a major advancement from the standpoint of harvesting of low-temperature heat, such as body heat and solar thermal heat.

SUBMITTER: Jiang L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10242534 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

High-Performance Isotropic Thermo-Electrochemical Cells Using Agar-Gelled Ferricyanide/Ferrocyanide/Guanidinium.

Jiang Lixian L Horike Shohei S Mukaida Masakazu M Kirihara Kazuhiro K Seki Kazuhiko K Wei Qingshuo Q

Global challenges (Hoboken, NJ) 20230407 6

An isotropic thermo-electrochemical cell is introduced with a high Seebeck coefficient (S e) of 3.3 mV K-1 that uses a ferricyanide/ferrocyanide/guanidinium-based agar-gelated electrolyte. A power density of about 20 µW cm-2 is achieved at a temperature difference of about 10 K, regardless of whether the heat source is on the top or bottom section of the cell. This behavior is very different from that of cells with liquid electrolytes, which exhibit high a ...[more]

PMID: 37287596

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Project description:The Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS) provided a scientific opinion re-evaluating the safety of sodium ferrocyanide (E 535), potassium ferrocyanide (E 536), and evaluating the safety of calcium ferrocyanide (E 538) as food additives. The Panel considered that adequate exposure and toxicity data were available. Ferrocyanides (E 535-538) are solely authorised in two food categories as salt substitutes. To assess the dietary exposure to ferrocyanides (E 535-538) from their use as food additives, the exposure was calculated based on regulatory maximum level exposure assessment scenario (maximum permitted level (MPL)) and the refined exposure assessment scenario. Dietary exposure to ferrocyanides was calculated based on mean and high levels consumption of salts in both the regulatory maximum level and the refined scenario. In the MPL scenario, the exposure to ferrocyanides (E 535-538) from their use as a food additive was up to 0.009 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day in children and adolescents. In the refined estimated exposure scenario, the exposure was up to 0.003 mg/kg bw per day in children and adolescents. Absorption of ferrocyanides is low and there is no accumulation in human. There is no concern with respect to genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. Reproductive studies were not available, but a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of 1,000 mg sodium ferrocyanide/kg bw per day (highest dose tested) was identified from a prenatal developmental toxicity study. The kidney appeared to be the target organ for ferrocyanides toxicity and 4.4 mg sodium ferrocyanide/kg bw per day was identified as the NOAEL for the renal effects in a chronic (2-year) study in rats. Assuming that the toxicity of this compound is due to the ferrocyanide ion only, the Panel established a group acceptable daily intake (ADI) for sodium, potassium and calcium ferrocyanide of 0.03 mg/kg bw per day expressed as ferrocyanide ion. The Panel concluded that ferrocyanides (E 535-538) are of no safety concern at the current authorised use and use levels.

Dataset Information

High-Performance Isotropic Thermo-Electrochemical Cells Using Agar-Gelled Ferricyanide/Ferrocyanide/Guanidinium.

Publications

High-Performance Isotropic Thermo-Electrochemical Cells Using Agar-Gelled Ferricyanide/Ferrocyanide/Guanidinium.

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