Association between Sleep Timing, Being Overweight and Meal and Snack Consumption in Children and Adolescents in Southern Brazil.
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SUBMITTER: Roberto DMT
PROVIDER: S-EPMC10531239 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Sep
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Association between Sleep Timing, Being Overweight and Meal and Snack Consumption in Children and Adolescents in Southern Brazil.
Roberto Denise Miguel Teixeira DMT Pereira Luciana Jeremias LJ Vieira Francilene Gracieli Kunradi FGK Di Pietro Patricia Faria PF de Assis Maria Alice Altenburg MAA Hinnig Patrícia de Fragas PF
International journal of environmental research and public health 20230921 18
Sleep timing is one of the dimensions of sleep that refers to the time of day when sleep occurs. It has been included in sleep-related research because of the potential associations between being overweight and the consumption of meals and snacks. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate associations between sleep timing, meal and snack consumption and weight status in 1333 schoolchildren aged 7-14 years. The midpoint of sleep was used as a sleep timing measure obtained by the midpoint be ...[more]
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Project description:ObjectiveThe aim of the current study was to identify and describe the meal and snack patterns (breakfast, mid-morning snack, lunch, mid-afternoon snack, dinner and evening snack) of public schoolchildren.DesignCross-sectional study. Information on the previous day's food intake was obtained through the Web-CAAFE (Food Intake and Physical Activity of Schoolchildren), an interactive questionnaire, which divides daily food consumption into three meals (breakfast, lunch and dinner) and three snacks (mid-morning, mid-afternoon and evening). Each meal contains thirty-one food items and the schoolchildren clicked on the food items consumed in each meal. Factor analysis was used to identify meal and snack patterns. The descriptions of the dietary patterns (DP) were based on food items with factor loads ≥ 0·30 that were considered representative of each DP.SettingSchoolchildren, Florianopolis, Brazil.ParticipantsChildren (n 1074) aged 7-13 years.ResultsLunch was the most consumed meal (96·0 %), followed by dinner (86·4 %), breakfast (85·3 %) and mid-afternoon snack (81·7 %). Four DP were identified for breakfast, mid-morning snack, lunch, dinner and evening snack, and three for mid-afternoon snack. Breakfast, lunch and dinner patterns included traditional Brazilian foods. DP consisting of fast foods and sugary beverages were also observed, mainly for the evening snack.ConclusionsThe results of the current study provide important information regarding the meal and snack patterns of schoolchildren to guide the development of nutrition interventions in public health.
| S-EPMC10195537 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundStudies associate sleeping and eating late in the day with poor dietary quality and higher obesity risk but differences in sleep duration confound this association. We aimed to determine whether sleep and meal timing, independent of sleep duration, influenced food intake in healthy adults.MethodsThis was a controlled, 2 × 2 inpatient crossover study with normal (0000-0800 h) or late (0330-1130 h) sleep and normal (1, 5, 11, and 12.5 h after awakening) or late (4.5, 8.5, 14.5, and 16 h after awakening) meals. Food intake was controlled while blood samples were obtained for determination of appetite-regulating hormones on days 3-4. Self-selected food intake was assessed on day 5. Data were analyzed using linear mixed model analysis with sleep, meal, and sleep x meal interaction as dependent variables.ResultsFive participants completed all phases (mean age 25.1 ± [SD] 3.9 y, body mass index 29.2 ± 2.7 kg/m2). There was a significant sleep x meal interaction on energy intake (P = 0.035) and trends on fat and sodium intakes (P < 0.10). Overnight ghrelin concentrations were higher under normal sleep and meal conditions relative to late (P < 0.005) but lower when both were combined (P < 0.001). Overnight leptin concentrations were higher under normal meal conditions (P = 0.012). There was a significant sleep x meal interaction on ghrelin (P = 0.032) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (P = 0.041) concentrations, but not leptin (P = 0.83), in response to a test meal.ConclusionsOur results suggest that alignment of sleep and meals may influence food choice and energy balance. Additional research is necessary to expand and confirm our findings.
| S-EPMC6538463 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundLinkages between snack patterns, diet, and obesity in adolescents likely depend on the consumption of main meals, how often snacks are prepared away from home, and whether energy-dense, nutrient-poor snack foods and sugary drinks are frequently consumed. Nutrition-based interventions need to be informed by an understanding of how secular changes in the contribution of snacks to dietary intake may be related to changes in meal frequency as well as how these trends differ by sociodemographic characteristics.ObjectivesTo examine secular trends from 1999 to 2010 in meal and snack patterns among adolescents.DesignA repeated cross-sectional design was used.Participants/settingParticipants from Minneapolis/St Paul, MN, secondary schools completed classroom-administered surveys and food frequency questionnaires in 1999 (n=2,598) and 2010 (n=2,540).Main outcome measuresWeekly meal frequencies; number of snacks consumed on school and vacation/weekend days; frequent consumption of snacks prepared away from home (≥3 times/week); and daily servings of energy-dense, nutrient-poor food/drinks that are commonly consumed at snack occasions.Statistical analyses performedTrends from 1999 to 2010 were examined using inverse probability weighting to control for differences in sociodemographic characteristics in the two samples.ResultsMean frequencies of breakfast and lunch increased modestly in the overall population (both P values <0.001), and there were decreases in the number of snacks consumed on schools days (P<0.001) and vacation/weekend days (P=0.003). Although there was no change in the proportion of adolescents who reported frequent consumption of snacks prepared away from home, there was a secular decrease in energy-dense, nutrient-poor food/drink consumption (P<0.001). Sociodemographic differences in the identified trends were evident.ConclusionsThe observed pattern of sociodemographic characteristic differences in meal and snack trends among adolescents suggests the need for targeted efforts to ensure public health messages reach low-income and ethnic/racial minority population subgroups most vulnerable to poor nutrition and the development of obesity.
| S-EPMC4733410 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Meal timing has been associated with metabolism and cardiovascular diseases; however, the relationship between meal timing and sleep quality remains inconclusive. This study aims to investigate the relationship between meal timing and sleep quality from a chronobiological perspective. This study utilized data from the NHANES for the years 2005-2008, including a cohort of 7,023 participants after applying exclusion criteria. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Meal timing was analyzed based on two 24-hour dietary recalls from each individual, considering the timing of the initial and final meals, meal duration, and frequency of meal occasions. Multiple linear regression models and hierarchical analyses were employed to examine the relationship between meal timing and PSQI scores, adjusting for various demographic and habitat covariates. Statistical analysis revealed a positive correlation between delayed meal timings, increased meal occasions, and elevated PSQI scores, indicating that later meal timing are intricately linked with diminished sleep quality. Both later meal timings and more frequent meal occasions were significantly associated with poorer sleep quality. Compared to the first tertile, the β (95%CI) values of the third tertile were 0.545 (0.226, 0.864) for first meal timing, 0.586 (0.277, 0.896) for midpoint meal timing, 0.385 (0.090, 0.680) for last meal timing, and 0.332 (0.021, 0.642) for meal occasions in the adjusted models. These findings suggest that late initial, midpoint, and final meal timing, as well as more frequent meal occasions, are chrono-nutrition patterns associated with poor sleep quality.
| S-EPMC11293727 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo determine associations among objectively-measured nocturnal sleep time, bedtime and obesogenic behaviors, including dietary intake, timing of intake, and physical activity, in a diverse sample of school-aged children who presented for behavioral treatment to enhance sleep duration.MethodsEighty-seven children (8-11 y, 66.7% female, zBMI: 0.86 ± 1.0) who self-reported sleeping <9.5 h/night were studied for one week using wrist actigraphy to estimate sleep; hip-worn accelerometers to measure physical activity; and 24 h dietary recalls to capture dietary intake and meal timing. Pearson and Spearman's rho correlations and linear regressions controlling for age, gender and race were used for statistical analyses.Results and conclusionMean bedtime was 10:31 PM (±58.2 min) and mean nocturnal sleep time was 7.7 h (±37.5 min). Although later bedtime was associated with shorter sleep time (r = -0.61, p < 0.001), the two variables were differentially related to obesity risk factors. Later bedtime, but not sleep time, correlated with greater daily fat intake, later first meal of the day, and greater after-dinner intake (all p < 0.05). Nocturnal sleep time, but not bedtime, correlated with zBMI (p = 0.04). Both sleep time and later bedtime were associated with a later last meal of the day (all p < 0.05). Findings remained consistent after controlling for demographic factors. In short-sleeping school-aged children, bedtime may be more predictive of dietary obesity risk factors whereas sleep duration may be more predictive of zBMI. Results suggest that health providers should consider both bedtime and sleep duration for reducing obesity risk in children.Clinical trialEnhancing Sleep Duration: Effects on Children's Eating and Activity Behaviors, NCT03186508, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03186508.
| S-EPMC8171434 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Accumulating evidence suggests that later timing of energy intake (EI) is associated with increased risk of obesity. In this study, 83 individuals with overweight and obesity underwent assessment of a 7-day period of data collection, including measures of body weight and body composition (DXA) and 24-h measures of EI (photographic food records), sleep (actigraphy), and physical activity (PA, activity monitors) for 7 days. Relationships between body mass index (BMI) and percent body fat (DXA) with meal timing, sleep, and PA were examined. For every 1 h later start of eating, there was a 1.25 (95% CI: 0.60, 1.91) unit increase in percent body fat (False Discovery Rate (FDR) adjusted p value = 0.010). For every 1 h later midpoint of the eating window, there was a 1.35 (95% CI: 0.51, 2.19) unit increase in percent body fat (FDR p value = 0.029). For every 1 h increase in the end of the sleep period, there was a 1.64 (95% CI: 0.56, 2.72) unit increase in percent body fat (FDR p value = 0.044). Later meal and sleep timing were also associated with lower PA levels. In summary, later timing of EI and sleep are associated with higher body fat and lower levels of PA in people with overweight and obesity.
| S-EPMC7823810 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundDepression in children and adolescents is a rising concern in China. Dietary behavior is a critical determinant of mental health. Meal timing, or the schedule of meal consumption, has been related to several metabolic disorders. However, the effect of meal timing on mental health is scarce, particularly in children and adolescents who are in a critical period of physical and psychological development.ObjectiveThis research examined the relationship between meal timing and depression in children and adolescents in China.MethodsChildren and adolescents from grades 1 to 9 were recruited from 16 districts in Shanghai, China, from January 3 to January 21, 2020. Ten schools attended the study. A survey was distributed to the students and their parents to collect demographic and health-related information. Depression was measured by the Children's Depression Inventory-Short Form. Breakfast consumption was analyzed as a binary outcome. Participants were defined as breakfast consumers if they never skipped breakfast during the week. They were otherwise defined as breakfast skippers if they skipped breakfast at least once per week. A similar categorization was applied to analyze food intake proximal to bed. Daily eating windows were calculated using the last food intake time frame-the first food intake time frame. Participants were classified into eating window groups of less than 10 hours, 10-12 hours, and more than 12 hours. A logistic regression model was used to compute the odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI.ResultsA total of 6874 participants were included in the analysis. Participants who skipped breakfast were associated with a 2.70 times higher occurrence of depression (OR 2.70, 95% CI 2.24-3.26; P<.001). The prevalence of depression was 1.28 times higher in participants who ate before bed than in those who never ate before bed (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.08-1.50; P<.001). The occurrence of depression was 1.37 times higher if the eating time window was shorter than 10 hours (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.08-1.73; P=.009) and 1.23 times higher if the eating time window was longer than 12 hours (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.01-1.50; P=.004). The lowest occurrence of depression was observed at 11.5 hours. Subgroup analysis showed that such relationships remained significant in adolescents aged 10 years or older. In children, only skipping breakfast was associated with a higher odds of depression (OR 2.77, 95% CI 1.94-3.96; P<.001).ConclusionsBreakfast skipping and eating before bed significantly increase the occurrence of depression. The optimal daily eating window to lower the occurrence of depression is 11.5 hours in children and adolescents. Daily eating windows longer than 12 hours or shorter than 10 hours are associated with an elevated occurrence of depression. Current findings advocate evidence-based dietary strategies to prevent and treat depression in children and adolescents.
| S-EPMC11615707 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundLittle is known about the normal eating time periods in adolescents with obesity and how these patterns change throughout development. As the obesity epidemic continues to rise in adolescence, it becomes imperative to understand developmentally appropriate eating behaviours and to create weight management strategies that build on those innate patterns and preferences. The purpose of this study was to determine the most common habitual eating windows observed in adolescents with obesity.MethodsParticipants were 101 Hispanic adolescents (mean age 14.8 ± 2.1 years; 48 male/53 female) with obesity (BMI ≥95th percentile) who were recruited as part of a larger clinical trial. Dietary intake and meal timing was determined using multiple pass 24-hours recalls. Histograms were utilized to determine the natural distribution of percent consumption of total kilocalories, carbohydrates and added sugar per hour.ResultsThe majority of total kilocalories (65.4%), carbohydrates (65.3%) and added sugar (59.1%) occurred between 11:00 and 19:00. Adolescents were 2.5 to 2.9 times more likely to consume kilocalories, carbohydrates, and added sugar during the 8-hour window between 11:00 am and 19:00 pm than other time windows examined (all P < .001). The consumption of these calories did not differ between weekdays and weekend (P > .05) or by sex.ConclusionsIn this cohort, more than 60% of calories, carbohydrates and added sugar were consumed between 11:00 am and 19:00 pm, which is concordant with an afternoon/evening chronotype that is common in adolescents. Our findings support this 8-hour period as a practical window for weight loss interventions that target pre-specified eating periods in this population.
| S-EPMC8178160 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundUnhealthy snacking habits in adolescents are typically triggered by obesogenic food environments and possibly perpetuated through interactions between socio-environmental factors and personal perceptions, attitudes, and motivations to change eating behaviors. This study attempted to address the knowledge gap regarding the association of intrapersonal, socioeconomic, and food environmental characteristics with unhealthy snack consumption in Indian adolescents, presenting several targets for effective interventions.MethodsA representative sample of 10-12 years old adolescents (n 712) completed a cross-sectional survey including eating habits, characteristics of school and home food environments, and perceptions related to affordability, convenience, and barriers within the food environments. The frequency of unhealthy snack consumption was assessed using a validated qualitative food frequency questionnaire. Multivariate regression analyses determined the associated factors of unhealthy snack consumption in adolescents attending private and public schools.ResultsThe mean age of adolescents was 10.9 (1.1) years, 48.2% were girls and 53.9% attended private schools. The most frequently consumed unhealthy snacks were biscuits/ cookies (5.2d/wk) followed by wafers (3.4d/wk) and Indian fried snacks- samosa/ vada pav (2.8 d/wk). Among the public-school adolescents, the odds of unhealthy snack consumption were 0.89 times lower when meals were had frequently at the dinner table and 4.97 times higher when the perceived barriers related to the affordability of healthy snacks were greater. Maternal education (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.66-0.82, p < 0.001), family income (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.98-2.32, p < 0.001), availability of unhealthy snacks (OR 2.98, 95% CI 1.36-3.46, p < 0.001) and fruits (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.49-0.69, p < 0.001) at home, having evening meals together (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.63-0.81, p 0.031), and perceived parental control during mealtimes (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.62-0.72, p < 0.001) were associated with unhealthy snack consumption in adolescents attending private schools.ConclusionsThe results highlighted a pervasiveness of unhealthy snacks in adolescents' food environments. Improving provisions and affordability of fruits and healthy snacks at schools, encouraging family mealtimes, and limiting the availability of unhealthy snacks at home whilst addressing the perceived barriers within food environments, and inculcating self-efficacy skills can improve snacking habits in Indian adolescents, irrespective of socioeconomic backgrounds.
| S-EPMC9171983 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The findings about the shapes of associations between sleep duration and overweight/obesity in adolescents were largely inconsistent in the existing literature. We examined the functional forms of the associations between sleep duration and overweight/obesity in 66,817 Chinese adolescents by modelling sleep duration categorically and continuously. The adjusted ORs (95% CI) of overweight (with 7.0-8.9 h of sleep being considered the reference group) for subjects reporting <5.0 hours, 5.0-6.9 hours and ≥9.0 hours of sleep were 1.26 (1.05-1.51), 1.06 (1.00-1.11) and 1.27 (1.14-1.42), respectively. The adjusted ORs (95% CI) of obesity (with 7.0-8.9 h of daily sleep being considered as the reference group) for adolescents reporting <5.0 hours, 5.0-6.9 hours and ≥9.0 hours of sleep were 1.24 (0.97-1.57), 0.94 (0.87-1.01) and 1.42 (1.24-1.63), respectively. Continuous splines regressions support non-linear U shape associations between sleep duration and overweight/obesity, with the bottom at around 7.0-8.0 hours sleep (overweight: likelihood ratio = 32.7 p < 0.01; obesity: likelihood ratio = 40.4 p < 0.01). U-shape associations were found between sleep duration and overweight/obesity in Chinese adolescents and an optimal sleep duration of 7.0-8.0 hours sleep may prevent overweight/obesity.
| S-EPMC4645226 | biostudies-other