Ablation of the Sam68 RNA binding protein protects mice from age-related bone loss.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Richard S
PROVIDER: S-EPMC1315279 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Previous studies have shown that disruption of von Hippel-Lindau gene (Vhl) coincides with activation of hypoxia-inducible factor α (HIFα) signaling in bone cells and plays an important role in bone development, homeostasis, and regeneration. It is known that activation of HIF1α signaling in mature osteoblasts is central to the coupling between angiogenesis and bone formation. However, the precise mechanisms responsible for the coupling between skeletal angiogenesis and osteogenesis during bone remodeling are only partially elucidated. To evaluate the role of Vhl in bone homeostasis and the coupling between vascular physiology and bone, we generated mice lacking Vhl in osteochondral progenitor cells (referred to as Vhl cKO mice) at postnatal and adult stages in a tamoxifen-inducible manner and changes in skeletal morphology were assessed by micro-computed tomography (µCT), histology, and bone histomorphometry. We found that mice with inactivation of Vhl in osteochondral progenitor cells at the postnatal stage largely phenocopied that of mice lacking Vhl in mature osteoblasts, developing striking and progressive accumulation of cancellous bone with increased microvascular density and bone formation. These were accompanied with a significant increase in osteoblast proliferation, upregulation of differentiation marker Runx2 and osteocalcin, and elevated expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8. In addition, we found that Vhl deletion in osteochondral progenitor cells in adult bone protects mice from aging-induced bone loss. Our data suggest that the VHL-mediated signaling in osteochondral progenitor cells plays a critical role in bone remodeling at postnatal/adult stages through coupling osteogenesis and angiogenesis. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Project description:BackgroundElevated levels of periostin (Postn) in the cartilage and bone are associated with osteoarthritis (OA). However, it remains unknown whether Postn loss-of-function can delay or prevent the development of OA. In this study, we sought to better understand the role of Postn in OA development and assessed the functional impact of Postn deficiency on post-traumatic and age-related OA in mice.MethodsThe effects of Postn deficiency were studied in two murine experimental OA models using Postn-/- (n = 32) and littermate wild-type (wt) mice (n = 36). Post-traumatic OA was induced by destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) in 10-week-old mice (n = 20); age-related OA was analyzed in 24-month-old mice (n = 13). Cartilage degeneration was assessed histologically using the OARSI scoring system, and synovitis was evaluated by measuring the synovial lining cell layer and the cells density in the synovial stroma. Bone changes were measured by μCT analysis. Serum levels of Postn were determined by ELISA. Expression of Postn and collagenase-3 (MMP-13) was measured by immunostaining. RNA-seq was performed on chondrocytes isolated from 21-day old Postn-/- (n = 3) and wt mice (n = 3) to discover genes and pathways altered by Postn knockout.ResultsPostn-/- mice exhibited significantly reduced cartilage degeneration and OARSI score relative to wt mice in post-traumatic OA after 8 weeks (maximum: 2.37 ± 0.74 vs. 4.00 ± 1.20, P = 0.011; summed: 9.31 ± 2.52 vs. 21.44 ± 6.01, P = 0.0002) and spontaneous OA (maximum: 1.93 ± 0.45 vs. 3.58 ± 1.16, P = 0.014; summed: 6.14 ± 1.57 vs. 11.50 ± 3.02, P = 0.003). Synovitis was significantly lower in Postn-/- mice than wt only in the DMM model (1.88 ± 1.01 vs. 3.17 ± 0.63; P = 0.039). Postn-/- mice also showed lower trabecular bone parameters such as BV/TV, vBMD, Tb.Th, and Tb.N and high Tb. Sp in both models. Postn-/- mice had negligible levels of serum Postn compared with wt. Immunofluorescent studies of cartilage indicated that Postn-/- mice expressed lower MMP-13 levels than wt mice. RNA-seq revealed that cell-cell-adhesion and cell-differentiation processes were enriched in Postn-/- mice, while those related to cell-cycle and DNA-repair were enriched in wt mice.ConclusionsPostn deficiency protects against DMM-induced post-traumatic and age-related spontaneous OA. RNA-seq findings warrant further investigations to better understand the mechanistic role of Postn and its potential as a therapeutic target in OA.
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Project description:Genetic deletion of Src associated in mitosis of 68kDa (Sam68), a pleiotropic adaptor protein prevents high-fat diet-induced weight gain and insulin resistance. To clarify the role of Sam68 in energy metabolism in the adult stage, we generated an inducible Sam68 knockout mice. Knockout of Sam68 was induced at the age of 7-10 weeks, and then we examined the metabolic profiles of the mice. Sam68 knockout mice gained less body weight over time and at 34 or 36 weeks old, had smaller fat mass without changes in food intake and absorption efficiency. Deletion of Sam68 in mice elevated thermogenesis, increased energy expenditure, and attenuated core-temperature drop during acute cold exposure. Furthermore, we examined younger Sam68 knockout mice at 11 weeks old before their body weights deviate, and confirmed increased energy expenditure and thermogenic gene program. Thus, Sam68 is essential for the control of adipose thermogenesis and energy homeostasis in the adult.
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Project description:BackgroundSenile osteoporosis can cause bone fragility and increased risk for fractures and has been one of the most prevalent and severe diseases affecting the elderly population worldwidely. The underlying mechanisms are currently intensive areas of investigation. In age-related bone loss, decreased bone formation overweighs increased bone resorption. The molecular mechanisms underlying defective bone formation in age-related bone loss are not completely understood. In particular, the specific role of histone acetylation in age-related bone loss has not been examined thoroughly.MethodsWe employed 6- and 18-month-old mice to investigate the mechanisms of defective bone formation in age-related bone loss. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) were induced to undergo in vitro osteogenic differentiation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) was used to investigate the binding of histone deacetylases (HDACs) on Runx2 promoter in BMSCs. Luciferase reporter and transient transfection assay were employed to study Runx2 gene expression modulation by HDAC and androgen receptor (AR). siRNA and HDAC6 inhibitor, Tubastatin A, were used to inhibit HDAC6 in vitro. And systemic administration of Tubastatin A was used to block HDAC6 in vivo.ResultsAge-related trabecular bone loss was observed in 18-month-old mice compared with 6-month-old mice. In vitro osteogenic differentiation potential of BMSCs from 18-month-old mice was weaker than 6-month-old mice, in which there was Runx2 expression inactivation in BMSCs of 18-month-old mice compared with 6-month-old mice, which was attributable to HDAC6-mediated histone hypoacetylation in Runx2 promoter. There was competitive binding of HDAC6 and AR on Runx2 promoter to modulate Runx2 expression in BMSCs. More importantly, through siRNA- or specific inhibitor-mediated HDAC6 inhibition, we could activate Runx2 expression, rescue in vitro osteogenesis potential of BMSCs, and alleviate in vivo age-related bone loss of mice.ConclusionHDAC6 accumulation and histone hypoacetylation on Runx2 promoter contributed to the attenuation of in vitro osteogenic differentiation potential of BMSCs from aged mice. Through HDAC6 inhibition, we could activate Runx2 expression and osteogenic differentiation potential of BMSCs from aged mice and alleviate the age-related bone loss of aged mice. Our study will benefit not only for understanding the age-related bone loss, but also for finding new therapies to treat senile osteoporosis.
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