Erasmus Darwin Barlow
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PROVIDER: S-EPMC1420686 | biostudies-literature | 2006 Apr
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Introduction: This project report describes the development, pilot phase, evaluation and implementation of a preparatory course week for incoming Erasmus medical students at the LernKlinik Leipzig, the Skills and Simulation Centre of the Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig. Project description: The aim of this project is to prepare Erasmus students for their year abroad using peer-assisted teaching as the method of choice. Major intended outcomes were support of language and clinical practical skill competency development, as well as enhancement of integration among international and German-speaking peer tutors. The methodological framework of Ross and Cameron [1] was used in planning the Erasmus-Week. For planning the 2012 pilot project, a survey among Erasmus students of the academic year 2011/12 was performed. All succeeding cohorts were asked to participate in pre- and post-surveys which were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Results: Between 2012 and 2017, n=173 European medical students spent their Erasmus year in Leipzig. Of these, n=148 (86%) participated in the Erasmus-Week. The country of origin of most Erasmus students was Rumania (20,3%). Among the most positively received aspects of the Erasmus-Week, the active use of German for medical purposes and the use of peer-teaching as the method of choice to learn and repeat basic medical examination skills were mentioned. Students emphasized their wish for being able to participate in further course offers. Conclusions: Offering a preparatory course week for incoming Erasmus students focusing on language and clinical practical skills training using peer-teaching as the method of choice may facilitate the integration of Erasmus students into their foreign medical curriculum. Further studies are underway to elucidate if these experiences influence later professional careers and choice of employment.
| S-EPMC6326402 | biostudies-other
Project description:Studying abroad has become very popular among students. The ERASMUS mobility program is one of the largest international student exchange programs in the world, which has supported already more than three million participants since 1987. We analyzed the mobility pattern within this program in 2011-12 and found a gender gap across countries and subject areas. Namely, for almost all participating countries, female students are over-represented in the ERASMUS program when compared to the entire population of tertiary students. The same tendency is observed across different subject areas. We also found a gender asymmetry in the geographical distribution of hosting institutions, with a bias of male students in Scandinavian countries. However, a detailed analysis reveals that this latter asymmetry is rather driven by subject and consistent with the distribution of gender ratios among subject areas.
| S-EPMC4762674 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC11250328 | biostudies-literature
Project description:While the formalization of chronobiology as a scientific discipline occurred in the mid-20th century, the exploration of rhythmic phenomena has a longer history, notably exemplified by De Mairan's observations of Mimosa pudica in darkness in 1729. In this historical narrative, Charles Darwin is known for his investigations into the "sleep movements" of plants. Nevertheless, the complete scope of Darwin's exploration of biological rhythms remains incompletely understood. Through a detailed examination of Darwin's writings, meticulous observations, experiments, and conceptualizations, we unveil a depth of engagement that surpasses his widely acknowledged work on plants, revealing a more extensive interest in and insight into biological rhythms than traditionally recognized.
| S-EPMC11348560 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Exploiting admission thresholds for participating in Erasmus, the most popular higher education study abroad programme in Europe, we implement a regression discontinuity design and show that student mobility does not delay graduation and, in addition, has a positive and significant impact on the final graduation marks of undergraduate students. We find that Erasmus mobility improves graduation results for undergraduate students enrolled in scientific and technical fields and for those who apply in the first year of their studies, especially when enrolled in more demanding degree courses. Investigating plausible mechanisms, we find that the positive impact on performance at graduation is stronger for students who visit foreign universities of relatively lower quality compared to their home university. Finally, we do not find statistically significant effects of Erasmus mobility on postgraduate educational choices and labour market outcomes one year after graduation.
| S-EPMC11008255 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The Darwin-Bateman paradigm advanced as the central concept to explain the evolutionary origin of sex differences. However, debates regarding its theoretical underpinnings persist, particularly with respect to the role of anisogamy in sexual selection. The theoretical work presented by Lehtonen and Parker suggests that the initial split in gamete production rate drives sex differences in sexual selection but that any further variation in the degree of anisogamy is not expected to alter the strength of sexual selection in males and females. Here, I discuss the historical background of a recently emerged controversy and present empirical data that corroborate the theoretical predictions. Lehtonen and Parker's contribution refines our understanding of the Darwin-Bateman paradigm by providing a broad theory for large-scale patterns of sex differences that can be observed in nature. Further understanding of how demographic and environmental factors influence sexual selection is essential to predict the vast diversity of sex differences across the tree of life, beyond the primordial impact of anisogamy.
| S-EPMC11637679 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo present our strategy and the clinical outcomes of robot-assisted Barlow mitral valve keyhole surgery.MethodsFrom May 2015 to March 2022, a total of 1281 patients underwent mitral valve repair at our institution, including 763 with robotics surgeries. Of these, 124 patients with Barlow mitral valve (49 ± 12 years, male/female ratio = 81:43) were treated using robotic assistance and included in this study.ResultsAll operations were completed using 3 to 5 keyholes. Neochordae implantation using the loop technique was the first option, and resection was performed only in cases with an intrinsic risk of developing systolic anterior motion. Neochordae implantation was performed in 118 cases (95.1%) using 6.6 ± 3.0 neochordae. Posterior leaflet resection was performed in 27 (21.7%) patients. Operation time was 177 ± 42 minutes, cardiopulmonary bypass time was 127 ± 25 minutes, and aorta crossclamp time was 76 ± 16 minutes. Blood transfusion was required in 5 cases (4%). None of the patients required a conversion to valve replacement. The postoperative complications included bleeding (n = 4), stroke (n = 1), and infection (n = 2). Mitral valve regurgitation 1 week after repair was none or trivial in 122 cases (98.3%), mild in 2 cases (1.7%), and more than moderate in 0 cases. Freedom from reoperation was 99.2% during the follow-up period of 36 ± 21 months. One patient required reoperation due to infective endocarditis.ConclusionsRobot-assisted keyhole surgery using the loop-first concept was adequate to help achieve satisfactory and safe perioperative outcomes for Barlow mitral valve.
| S-EPMC10750981 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The Erasmus Programme is the biggest collaboration network consisting of European Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). The flows of students, teachers and staff form directed and weighted networks that connect institutions, regions and countries. Here, we present a linked and manually verified dataset of this multiplex, multipartite, multi-labelled, spatial network. We enriched the network with institutional socio-economic data from the European Tertiary Education Register (ETER) and the Global Research Identifier Database (GRID). We geocoded the headquarters of institutions and characterised the attractiveness and quality of their environments based on Points of Interest (POI) data. The linked datasets provide relevant information to grasp a more comprehensive understanding of the mobility patterns and attractiveness of the institutions.
| S-EPMC7005280 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Mendel and Darwin were contemporaries, with much overlap in their scientifically productive years. Available evidence shows that Mendel knew much about Darwin, whereas Darwin knew nothing of Mendel. Because of the fragmentary nature of this evidence, published inferences regarding Mendel's views on Darwinian evolution are contradictory and enigmatic, with claims ranging from enthusiastic acceptance to outright rejection. The objective of this review is to examine evidence from Mendel's published and private writings on evolution and Darwin, and the influence of the scientific environment in which he was immersed. Much of this evidence lies in Mendel's handwritten annotations in his copies of Darwin's books, which this review scrutinises in detail. Darwin's writings directly influenced Mendel's classic 1866 paper, and his letters to Nägeli. He commended and criticised Darwin on specific issues pertinent to his research, including the provisional hypothesis of pangenesis, the role of pollen in fertilisation, and the influence of "conditions of life" on heritable variation. In his final letter to Nägeli, Mendel proposed a Darwinian scenario for natural selection using the same German term for "struggle for existence" as in his copies of Darwin's books. His published and private scientific writings are entirely objective, devoid of polemics or religious allusions, and address evolutionary questions in a manner consistent with that of his scientific contemporaries. The image that emerges of Mendel is of a meticulous scientist who accepted the tenets of Darwinian evolution, while privately pinpointing aspects of Darwin's views of inheritance that were not supported by Mendel's own experiments.
| S-EPMC6972880 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Darwin's dual interests in evolution and plants formed the basis of evolutionary botany, a field that developed following his publications on both topics. Here, we review his many contributions to plant biology—from the evolutionary origins of angiosperms to plant reproduction, carnivory, and movement—and note that he expected one day there would be a ‘true’ genealogical tree for plants. This view fuelled the field of plant phylogenetics. With perhaps nearly 400 000 species, the angiosperms have diversified rapidly since their origin in the Early Cretaceous, often through what appear to be rapid radiations. We describe these evolutionary patterns, evaluate possible drivers of radiations, consider how new approaches to studies of diversification can contribute to our understanding of angiosperm diversity, and suggest new directions for further insight into plant evolution.
| S-EPMC6452062 | biostudies-literature