A crucial role for plasmacytoid dendritic cells in antiviral protection by CpG ODN-based vaginal microbicide.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Shen H
PROVIDER: S-EPMC1518794 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Purpose: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized systems-based analysis of cellular pathways. The goals of this study are to compare distinct immunostimulatory activities of three classes of CpG ODNs in pDCs using RNA-seq. mRNA profiles of murine pDCs induced by three classes of CpG ODNs were generated by RNA-Seq studies. Methods: mRNA profiles of murine pDCs induced by three classes of CpG ODNs were generated by deep sequencing, in triplicate, using Illumina Hiseq Xten. The sequence reads that passed quality filters were analyzed at the transcript isoform level with two methods: HISAT based on Burrows-Wheeler transform and Ferragina-Manzini and Bowtie2 followed by RSEM. Results: Using an optimized data analysis workflow, we mapped > 60 million total clean reads per sample to the mouse genome (build mm10), with a clean reads Q20 score > 98.58% and a mapping rate to the reference genome of each sample varying from 92.3% to 96.56%. The Pearson correlation coefficient between each sample revealed that CpG-A and CpG-C have the highest correlation. A total of 21,573 genes were detected as being expressed. More than 5,000 genes were downregulated and 2,000 genes were upregulated in CpG ODNs stimulated groups relative to control group, with a fold change ≥ 2 and Q value <0.001. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes uncovered several genes that may contribute to characterize the features of three classes of CpG ODNs in pDCs. Conclusions: Our study represents the first detailed analysis of pDC transcriptomes stimulated with three classes of CpG ODNs, with biological replicates, generated by RNA-seq technology.
2022-12-24 | GSE142688 | GEO
Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
2022-12-24 | GSE142690 | GEO
Project description:Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) compose 0.2-0.5% of circulating leukocytes but play a significant role in mounting host immune responses. Elevated and chronic activation of pDC are implicated in autoimmune disease like systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. ?9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a well characterized cannabinoid with potent anti-inflammatory activity, but acceptance of THC as a treatment for autoimmune disorders has been hindered due to psychotropic activity. The psychotropic effects of THC are mediated through cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) expressed in the central nervous system while the immunomodulatory effects of THC result from THC binding to CB1 and CB2 on immune cells. Synthetic CB2-selective agonists have been developed to explore immune modulation by cannabinoids in the absence of psychotropic effects. The goal of these studies was to determine if the CB2-selective agonists, JWH-015 and JWH-133, have comparable efficacy to THC in modulating IFN? and TNF? responses by primary human pDC. Treatment with JWH-133 and JWH-015 inhibited CpG-induced IFN? and TNF? responses by pDC. Further, the phosphorylation of IRF7, TBK1, NF?B, and IKK?, key events in pDC activation, were suppressed by THC, JWH-133, and JWH-015. Likewise, the phosphorylation of AKT at the S473 and T308 residues were differentially modulated by treatment with THC and both JWH compounds. Collectively, these results demonstrate the potential for CB2 targeted therapeutics for treatment of inflammatory conditions involving aberrant pDC activity.
| S-EPMC7243911 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are vital to antiviral defense, directing immune responses via secretion of huge concentrations of IFN-?. These cells are critical in protecting the lung against clinically relevant respiratory viruses, particularly influenza (Flu), a virus responsible for substantial worldwide morbidity and mortality. How pDC responses to such viral pathogens are regulated, however, is poorly understood in humans. Using an unbiased approach of gene chip analysis, we discovered that Flu significantly affects metabolism in primary human pDCs. We demonstrate that Flu and RV, another common respiratory virus, induce glycolysis in pDCs and that this metabolic pathway regulates pDC antiviral functions, including IFN-? production and phenotypic maturation. Intranasal vaccination of human volunteers with live influenza virus also increases glycolysis in circulating pDCs, highlighting a previously unrecognized potential role for metabolism in regulating pDC immune responses to viral infections in humans.
| S-EPMC4761472 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Atopy and viral respiratory tract infections synergistically promote asthma exacerbations. IgE cross-linking inhibits critical virus-induced IFN-? responses of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), which can be deficient in patients with allergic asthma. OBJECTIVE:We sought to determine whether reducing IgE levels in vivo with omalizumab treatment increases pDC antiviral IFN-? responses in inner-city children with asthma. METHODS:PBMCs and pDCs isolated from children with exacerbation-prone asthma before and during omalizumab treatment were stimulated ex vivo with rhinovirus and influenza in the presence or absence of IgE cross-linking. IFN-? levels were measured in supernatants, and mRNA expression of IFN-? pathway genes was determined by using quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) in cell pellets. Fc?RI? protein levels and mRNA expression were measured in unstimulated cells by using flow cytometry and qRT-PCR, respectively. Changes in these outcomes and associations with clinical outcomes were analyzed, and statistical modeling was used to identify risk factors for asthma exacerbations. RESULTS:Omalizumab treatment increased rhinovirus- and influenza-induced PBMC and rhinovirus-induced pDC IFN-? responses in the presence of IgE cross-linking and reduced pDC surface Fc?RI? expression. Omalizumab-induced reductions in pDC Fc?RI? levels were significantly associated with a lower asthma exacerbation rate during the outcome period and correlated with increases in PBMC IFN-? responses. PBMC Fc?RI? mRNA expression measured on study entry significantly improved an existing model of exacerbation prediction. CONCLUSIONS:These findings indicate that omalizumab treatment augments pDC IFN-? responses and attenuates pDC Fc?RI? protein expression and provide evidence that these effects are related. These results support a potential mechanism underlying clinical observations that allergic sensitization is associated with increased susceptibility to virus-induced asthma exacerbations.
| S-EPMC6013066 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Gender differences in immune capabilities suggest that sex hormones such as estrogens were involved in the regulation of the immunocompetence. Numerous studies also suggest that plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) play a pathogenic role in SLE. However, it is unclear whether estrogen can modulate the function of PDCs to influence the development of SLE. In the present study, PDCs from murine spleens were treated with 17beta-estradiol (E2) and CpG respectively or both in vitro, then cell viability, costimulatory molecule expression, cytokine secretion of PDCs, as well as stimulatory capacity of PDCs to B cells were analyzed. Results showed that E2 and CpG increased the cell viability and costimulatory molecule expression on PDCs synergistically. Moreover, the intracellular and extracellular secretion of IFN-alpha was increased by E2 or E2 plus CpG. In addition, E2 and CpG also increased the stimulatory capacity of PDCs to B cells, and the viability of B cells was decreased after neutralizing IFN-alpha significantly. In the experiments in vivo, mice received daily s.c. injections of E2 and CpG respectively or both, then we found that the plasma concentration of IgM were elevated by E2 and CpG synergistically and the expression of IFN-alpha/beta in spleens were noticeably increased by CpG plus E2 compared with the treatment of E2 or CpG only. This study indicates that E2 could exacerbate PDCs' activation with CpG, which further activates B cells to upregulate susceptibility to autoantigens. IFN-alpha plays an important role in the stimulatory effect of PDCs on B cells. E2 stimulation of IFN-alpha production may result in female prevalence in autoimmune diseases such as SLE through activation of PDCs. This study provides novel evidence of relationship between estrogen and SLE and also sheds light on gender biases among SLE patients.
| S-EPMC2793013 | biostudies-other
Project description:We have examined the influence of depleting plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) in mice on the immune response to the gut pathogen Citrobacter rodentium, an organism that is a model for human attaching effacing pathogens such as enterohaemorraghic E. coli. A significantly higher number of C. rodentium were found in mice depleted of pDC from 7 days after infection and pDC depleted mice showed increased gut pathology and higher levels of mRNA encoding inflammatory cytokines in the colon upon infection. pDC-depletion led to a compromising of the gut mucosal barrier that may have contributed to increased numbers of C. rodentium in systemic organs. pDC-depleted mice infected with C. rodentium suffered substantial weight loss necessitating euthanasia. A number of observations suggested that this was not simply the result of dysregulation of immunity in the colon as pDC-depleted mice infected intravenously with C. rodentium also exhibited exacerbated weight loss, arguing that pDC influence systemic immune responses. Overall, these data indicate that pDC contribute at multiple levels to immunity to C. rodentium including control of bacterial numbers in the colon, maintenance of colon barrier function and regulation of immune responses to disseminated bacteria.
| S-EPMC6465541 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The salicylidene acylhydrazide (SA) compounds have exhibited promising microbicidal properties. Previous reports have shown the SA compounds, using cell cultures, to exhibit activity against Chlamydia trachomatis, herpes simplex virus and HIV-1. In addition, using an animal model of a vaginal infection the SA compound INP0341, when dissolved in a liquid, was able to significantly protect mice from a vaginal infection with C. trachomatis. To expand upon this finding, in this report INP0341 was formulated as a vaginal gel, suitable for use in humans. Gelling agents (polymers) with inherent antimicrobial properties were chosen to maximize the total antimicrobial effect of the gel. In vitro formulation work generated a gel with suitable rheology and sustained drug release. A formulation containing 1 mM INP0341, 1.6 wt% Cremophor ELP (solubility enhancer) and 1.5 wt% poly(acrylic acid) (gelling and antimicrobial agent), was chosen for studies of efficacy and toxicity using a mouse model of a vaginal infection. The gel formulation was able to attenuate a vaginal challenge with C. trachomatis, serovar D. Formulations with and without INP0341 afforded protection, but the inclusion of INP0341 increased the protection. Mouse vaginal tissue treated with the formulation showed no indication of gel toxicity. The lack of toxicity was confirmed by in vitro assays using EpiVaginal tissues, which showed that a 24 h exposure to the gel formulation did not decrease the cell viability or the barrier function of the tissue. Therefore, the gel formulation described here appears to be a promising vaginal microbicide to prevent a C. trachomatis infection with the potential to be expanded to other sexually transmitted diseases.
| S-EPMC4214720 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a special subtype of dendritic cells with the morphology of plasma cells. pDCs produce massive amounts of type I interferon (IFN-I), which was originally found to play an extremely pivotal role in antiviral immunity. Interestingly, accumulated evidence indicates that pDCs can also play an important role in tumorigenesis. In the human body, most of the IFN-α is secreted by activated pDCs mediated by toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation. In many types of cancer, tumors are infiltrated by a large number of pDCs, however, these pDCs exhibit no response to TLR stimulation, and reduced or absent IFN-α production. In addition, tumor-infiltrating pDCs promote recruitment of regulatory T cells (Tregs) into the tumor microenvironment, leading to immunosuppression and promoting tumor growth. In this review, we discuss recent insights into the development of pDCs and their roles in a variety of malignancies, with special emphasis on the basic mechanisms.
| S-EPMC8560733 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In industrialized countries bacterial intestinal infections are commonly caused by enteropathogenic Enterobacteriaceae. The interaction of the microbiota with the host immune system determines the adequacy of an appropriate response against pathogens. In this study we addressed whether the probiotic Bifidobacterium adolescentis is protective during intestinal Yersinia enterocolitica infection. Female C57BL/6 mice were fed with B. adolescentis, infected with Yersinia enterocolitica, or B. adolescentis fed and subsequently infected with Yersinia enterocolitica. B. adolescentis fed and Yersinia infected mice were protected from Yersinia infection as indicated by a significantly reduced weight loss and splenic Yersinia load when compared to Yersinia infected mice. Moreover, protection from infection was associated with increased intestinal plasmacytoid dendritic cell and regulatory T-cell frequencies. Plasmacytoid dendritic cell function was investigated using depletion experiments by injecting B. adolescentis fed, Yersinia infected C57BL/6 mice with anti-mouse PDCA-1 antibody, to deplete plasmacytoid dendritic cells, or respective isotype control. The B. adolescentis-mediated protection from Yersinia dissemination to the spleen was abrogated after plasmacytoid dendritic cell depletion indicating a crucial function for pDC in control of intestinal Yersinia infection. We suggest that feeding of B. adolescentis modulates the intestinal immune system in terms of increased plasmacytoid dendritic cell and regulatory T-cell frequencies, which might account for the B. adolescentis-mediated protection from Yersinia enterocolitica infection.
| S-EPMC3748105 | biostudies-literature