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Cytotoxic T lymphocytes kill multiple targets simultaneously via spatiotemporal uncoupling of lytic and stimulatory synapses.

ABSTRACT: A longstanding paradox in the activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) arises from the observation that CTL recognize and rapidly destroy target cells with exquisite sensitivity despite the fact that cytokine production requires sustained signaling at the immunological synapse. Here we solve this paradox by showing that CTL establish sustained synapses with targets offering strong antigenic stimuli and that these synapses persist after target cell death. Simultaneously, CTL polarize lytic granules toward different cells without discrimination regarding antigenic potential. Our results show that spatiotemporal uncoupling of immunological synapse and lytic granule secretion allows multiple killing and sustained signaling by individual CTL. This unique mechanism of responding to multiple contacts provides remarkable efficiency to CTL function.

SUBMITTER: Wiedemann A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC1544161 | biostudies-literature | 2006 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Cytotoxic T lymphocytes kill multiple targets simultaneously via spatiotemporal uncoupling of lytic and stimulatory synapses.

Wiedemann Aurelie A Depoil David D Faroudi Mustapha M Valitutti Salvatore S

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 20060710 29

A longstanding paradox in the activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) arises from the observation that CTL recognize and rapidly destroy target cells with exquisite sensitivity despite the fact that cytokine production requires sustained signaling at the immunological synapse. Here we solve this paradox by showing that CTL establish sustained synapses with targets offering strong antigenic stimuli and that these synapses persist after target cell death. Simultaneously, CTL polarize lytic gra ...[more]

PMID: 16832064

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Project description:UnlabelledCD56+ natural killer (NK) and CD56+ T cells, from sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage of subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are more cytotoxic to highly susceptible NK targets than those from control subjects. Whether the same is true in lung parenchyma, and if NK activity actually contributes to emphysema progression are unknown. To address these questions, we performed two types of experiments on lung tissue from clinically-indicated resections (n?=?60). First, we used flow cytometry on fresh single-cell suspension to measure expression of cell-surface molecules (CD56, CD16, CD8, NKG2D and NKp44) on lung lymphocytes and of the 6D4 epitope common to MICA and MICB on lung epithelial (CD326+) cells. Second, we sequentially isolated CD56+, CD8+ and CD4+ lung lymphocytes, co-cultured each with autologous lung target cells, then determined apoptosis of individual target cells using Annexin-V and 7-AAD staining. Lung NK cells (CD56+ CD3-) and CD56+ T cells (CD56+ CD3+) were present in a range of frequencies that did not differ significantly between smokers without COPD and subjects with COPD. Lung NK cells had a predominantly "cytotoxic" CD56+ CD16+ phenotype; their co-expression of CD8 was common, but the percentage expressing CD8 fell as FEV1 % predicted decreased. Greater expression by autologous lung epithelial cells of the NKG2D ligands, MICA/MICB, but not expression by lung CD56+ cells of the activating receptor NKG2D, correlated inversely with FEV1 % predicted. Lung CD56+ lymphocytes, but not CD4+ or CD8+ conventional lung T cells, rapidly killed autologous lung cells without additional stimulation. Such natural cytotoxicity was increased in subjects with severe COPD and was unexplained in multiple regression analysis by age or cancer as indication for surgery. These data show that as spirometry worsens in COPD, CD56+ lung lymphocytes exhibit spontaneous cytotoxicity of autologous structural lung cells, supporting their potential role in emphysema progression.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT00281229.

Dataset Information

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes kill multiple targets simultaneously via spatiotemporal uncoupling of lytic and stimulatory synapses.

Publications

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes kill multiple targets simultaneously via spatiotemporal uncoupling of lytic and stimulatory synapses.

Similar Datasets

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