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Morning ghrelin concentrations are not affected by short-term overfeeding and do not predict ad libitum food intake in humans.

ABSTRACT: Ghrelin has a short-term orexigenic effect but may also be a marker of food intake over time. We previously found an inverse association between ghrelin concentrations and food intake.The objectives were to determine whether the fasting plasma ghrelin concentration is related to food intake and whether the previous day's intake predicts the suppression of ghrelin.Sixty-nine nondiabetic adults (40 men) aged 33 +/- 9 y were studied as inpatients at a Clinical Research Center. After 6 d of consuming a maintenance diet, the subjects self-selected their food from our vending machine system for 3 d. Total plasma ghrelin concentrations were measured every morning during the vending machine period.The fasting ghrelin concentration was negatively correlated with body mass index (r = -0.31, P = 0.016) and weight (r = -0.26, P = 0.044). Mean morning ghrelin concentrations remained constant (149 +/- 59, 152 +/- 60, 148 +/- 61, and 145 +/- 59 pg/mL on days 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively) even though the subjects overate while using the vending machines (160 +/- 42% of weight-maintenance needs). No associations were found between daily ghrelin concentrations and subsequent food intake on any day (day 1: r = -0.04, P = 0.76; day 2: r = -0.01, P = 0.95; day 3: r = -0.11, P = 0.38). Suppression of total ghrelin concentrations was not associated with the previous day's intake or with subsequent food intake.Morning plasma ghrelin concentrations do not affect acute increases in food intake. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00342732.

SUBMITTER: Votruba SB

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2667652 | biostudies-literature | 2009 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Morning ghrelin concentrations are not affected by short-term overfeeding and do not predict ad libitum food intake in humans.

Votruba Susanne B SB Kirchner Henriette H Tschöp Matthias M Salbe Arline D AD Krakoff Jonathan J

The American journal of clinical nutrition 20090121 3

<h4>Background</h4>Ghrelin has a short-term orexigenic effect but may also be a marker of food intake over time. We previously found an inverse association between ghrelin concentrations and food intake.<h4>Objectives</h4>The objectives were to determine whether the fasting plasma ghrelin concentration is related to food intake and whether the previous day's intake predicts the suppression of ghrelin.<h4>Design</h4>Sixty-nine nondiabetic adults (40 men) aged 33 +/- 9 y were studied as inpatients ...[more]

PMID: 19158212

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Project description:Background/objectivesBreakfast omission is positively associated with obesity and increased risk of disease. However, little is known about the acute effects of extended morning fasting upon subsequent energy intake and associated metabolic/regulatory factors in obese adults.Subjects/methodsIn a randomised cross-over design, 24 obese men (n=8) and women (n=16) extended their overnight fast by omitting breakfast consumption or ingesting a typical carbohydrate-rich breakfast of 2183±393 kJ (521±94 kcal), before an ad libitum pasta lunch 3 h later. Blood samples were obtained throughout the day until 3 h post lunch and analysed for hormones implicated in appetite regulation, along with metabolic outcomes and subjective appetite measures.ResultsLunch intake was unaffected by extended morning fasting (difference=218 kJ, 95% confidence interval -54 kJ, 490 kJ; P=0.1) resulting in lower total intake in the fasting trial (difference=-1964 kJ, 95% confidence interval -1645 kJ, -2281 kJ; P<0.01). Systemic concentrations of peptide tyrosine-tyrosine and leptin were lower during the afternoon following morning fasting (P⩽0.06). Plasma-acylated ghrelin concentrations were also lower following the ad libitum lunch in the fasting trial (P<0.05) but this effect was not apparent for total ghrelin (P⩾0.1). Serum insulin concentrations were greater throughout the afternoon in the fasting trial (P=0.05), with plasma glucose also greater 1 h after lunch (P<0.01). Extended morning fasting did not result in greater appetite ratings after lunch, with some tendency for lower appetite 3 h post lunch (P=0.09).ConclusionsWe demonstrate for the first time that, in obese adults, extended morning fasting does not cause compensatory intake during an ad libitum lunch nor does it increase appetite during the afternoon. Morning fasting reduced satiety hormone responses to a subsequent lunch meal but counterintuitively also reduced concentrations of the appetite-stimulating hormone-acylated ghrelin during the afternoon relative to lunch consumed after breakfast.

Dataset Information

Morning ghrelin concentrations are not affected by short-term overfeeding and do not predict ad libitum food intake in humans.

Publications

Morning ghrelin concentrations are not affected by short-term overfeeding and do not predict ad libitum food intake in humans.

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