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Function of dynein in budding yeast: mitotic spindle positioning in a polarized cell.

ABSTRACT: Cytoplasmic dynein is a microtubule motor that powers minus-end-directed motility in a variety of biological settings. The budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has been a useful system for the study of dynein, due to its molecular genetics and cell biology capabilities, coupled with the conservation of dynein-pathway proteins. In this review we discuss how budding yeast use dynein to manipulate the position of the mitotic spindle and the nucleus during cell division, using cytoplasmic microtubules, and we describe our current understanding of the genes required for dynein function. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2009. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

SUBMITTER: Moore JK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2746759 | biostudies-literature | 2009 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Function of dynein in budding yeast: mitotic spindle positioning in a polarized cell.

Moore Jeffrey K JK Stuchell-Brereton Melissa D MD Cooper John A JA

Cell motility and the cytoskeleton 20090801 8

Cytoplasmic dynein is a microtubule motor that powers minus-end-directed motility in a variety of biological settings. The budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has been a useful system for the study of dynein, due to its molecular genetics and cell biology capabilities, coupled with the conservation of dynein-pathway proteins. In this review we discuss how budding yeast use dynein to manipulate the position of the mitotic spindle and the nucleus during cell division, using cytoplasmic microt ...[more]

PMID: 19402153

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Project description:The asymmetrically dividing yeast S. cerevisiae assembles a bipolar spindle well after establishing the future site of cell division (i.e., the bud neck) and the division axis (i.e., the mother-bud axis). A surveillance mechanism called spindle position checkpoint (SPOC) delays mitotic exit and cytokinesis until the spindle is properly positioned relative to the mother-bud axis, thereby ensuring the correct ploidy of the progeny. SPOC relies on the heterodimeric GTPase-activating protein Bub2/Bfa1 that inhibits the small GTPase Tem1, in turn essential for activating the mitotic exit network (MEN) kinase cascade and cytokinesis. The Bub2/Bfa1 GAP and the Tem1 GTPase form a complex at spindle poles that undergoes a remarkable asymmetry during mitosis when the spindle is properly positioned, with the complex accumulating on the bud-directed old spindle pole. In contrast, the complex remains symmetrically localized on both poles of misaligned spindles. The mechanism driving asymmetry of Bub2/Bfa1/Tem1 in mitosis is unclear. Furthermore, whether asymmetry is involved in timely mitotic exit is controversial. We investigated the mechanism by which the GAP Bub2/Bfa1 controls GTP hydrolysis on Tem1 and generated a series of mutants leading to constitutive Tem1 activation. These mutants are SPOC-defective and invariably lead to symmetrical localization of Bub2/Bfa1/Tem1 at spindle poles, indicating that GTP hydrolysis is essential for asymmetry. Constitutive tethering of Bub2 or Bfa1 to both spindle poles impairs SPOC response but does not impair mitotic exit. Rather, it facilitates mitotic exit of MEN mutants, likely by increasing the residence time of Tem1 at spindle poles where it gets active. Surprisingly, all mutant or chimeric proteins leading to symmetrical localization of Bub2/Bfa1/Tem1 lead to increased symmetry at spindle poles of the Kar9 protein that mediates spindle positioning and cause spindle misalignment. Thus, asymmetry of the Bub2/Bfa1/Tem1 complex is crucial to control Kar9 distribution and spindle positioning during mitosis.

Dataset Information

Function of dynein in budding yeast: mitotic spindle positioning in a polarized cell.

Publications

Function of dynein in budding yeast: mitotic spindle positioning in a polarized cell.

Similar Datasets

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