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Selection of HIV variants with signature genotypic characteristics during heterosexual transmission.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Newly infected subjects acquire a limited number of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) variants with specific genotypic and phenotypic features from the array of viruses present in a chronically infected transmitting partner. METHODS:We examined HIV-1 envelope sequences from the earliest available serum sample after HIV-1 acquisition in 13 newly infected subjects and from their epidemiologically linked HIV-1-infected heterosexual partner. Samples from both members were collected on the same day in the Rakai Community Cohort Study. RESULTS:Ten couples were infected with subtype D HIV-1, and 3 pairs had subtype A HIV-1. Newly infected subjects acquired a subset of the viruses that were circulating in the transmitting partner; transmitted variants had less diversity and divergence and were more closely related to the ancestral sequences. The majority of signature amino acid differences among donor and recipient sequences were in and immediately following the V3 loop. Envelopes from recipients were significantly shorter and had a lower V3 charge than envelopes from donors, but there was no significant difference in the number of potential N-linked glycosylation sites. CONCLUSION:A minority subset of HIV-1 variants with signature genotypes is favored for transmission in this population.

SUBMITTER: Sagar M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2755256 | biostudies-literature | 2009 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Selection of HIV variants with signature genotypic characteristics during heterosexual transmission.

Sagar Manish M Laeyendecker Oliver O Lee Sandra S Gamiel Jordyn J Wawer Maria J MJ Gray Ronald H RH Serwadda David D Sewankambo Nelson K NK Shepherd James C JC Toma Jonathan J Huang Wei W Quinn Thomas C TC

The Journal of infectious diseases 20090201 4

<h4>Background</h4>Newly infected subjects acquire a limited number of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) variants with specific genotypic and phenotypic features from the array of viruses present in a chronically infected transmitting partner.<h4>Methods</h4>We examined HIV-1 envelope sequences from the earliest available serum sample after HIV-1 acquisition in 13 newly infected subjects and from their epidemiologically linked HIV-1-infected heterosexual partner. Samples from both memb ...[more]

PMID: 19143562

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Project description:BACKGROUND: Targeted interventions (TIs) have been a major strategy for HIV prevention in India. We evaluated the impact of TIs on HIV prevalence in high HIV prevalence southern states (Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra). METHODS: A quasi-experimental approach was used to retrospectively compare changes in HIV prevalence according to the intensity of targeted intervention implementation. Condom gap (number of condoms required minus condoms supplied by TIs) was used as an indicator of TI intensity. Annual average number of commercial sex acts per female sex worker (FSW) reported in Behavioral Surveillance Survey was multiplied by the estimated number of FSWs in each district to calculate annual requirement of condoms in the district. Data of condoms supplied by TIs from 1995 to 2008 was obtained from program records. Districts in each state were ranked into quartiles based on the TI intensity. Primary data of HIV Sentinel Surveillance was analyzed to calculate HIV prevalence reductions in each successive year taking 2001 as reference year according to the quartiles of TI intensity districts using generalized linear model with logit link and binomial distribution after adjusting for age, education, and place of residence (urban or rural). RESULTS: In the high HIV prevalence southern states, the number of TI projects for FSWs increased from 5 to 310 between 1995 and 2008. In high TI intensity quartile districts (n = 30), 186 condoms per FSW/year were distributed through TIs as compared to 45 condoms/FSW/year in the low TI intensity districts (n = 29). Behavioral surveillance indicated significant rise in condom use from 2001 to 2009. Among FSWs consistent condom use with last paying clients increased from 58.6% to 83.7% (p < 0.001), and among men of reproductive age, the condom use during sex with non-regular partner increased from 51.7% to 68.6% (p < 0.001). A significant decline in HIV and syphilis prevalence has occurred in high prevalence southern states among FSWs and young antenatal women. Among young (15-24 years) antenatal clinic attendees significant decline was observed in HIV prevalence from 2001 to 2008 (OR = 0.42, 95% CI 0.28-0.62) in high TI intensity districts whereas in low TI intensity districts the change was not significant (OR = 1.01, 95% CI 0.67-1.5). CONCLUSION: Targeted interventions are associated with HIV prevalence decline.

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Selection of HIV variants with signature genotypic characteristics during heterosexual transmission.

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Selection of HIV variants with signature genotypic characteristics during heterosexual transmission.

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